Atmospheric monitoring and model applications at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Abstract

Abstract. The Pierre Auger Observatory detects high-energy cosmic rays with energies above ∼10 17 eV. It is built as a multihybrid detector measuring extensive air showers with different techniques. For the reconstruction of extensive air showers, the atmospheric conditions at the site of the Observatory have to be known quite well. This is particularly true for reconstructions based on data obtained by the fluorescence technique. For these data, not only the weather conditions near ground are relevant, most important are altitude-dependent atmospheric profiles. The Pierre Auger Observatory has set up a dedicated atmospheric monitoring programme at the site in the Mendoza province, Argentina. Beyond this, exploratory studies were performed in Colorado, USA, for possible installations in the northern hemisphere. In recent years, the atmospheric monitoring programme at the Pierre Auger Observatory was supplemented by applying data from atmospheric models. Both GDAS and HYSPLIT are developments by the US weather department NOAA and the data are freely available. GDAS is a global model of the atmospheric state parameters on a 1 degree geographical grid, based on real-time measurements and numeric weather predictions, providing a full altitude-dependent data set every 3 hours. HYSPLIT is a powerful tool to track the movement of air masses at various heights, and with it the aerosols. Combining local measurements of the atmospheric state variables and aerosol scattering with the given model data, advanced studies about atmospheric conditions can be performed and high precision air shower reconstructions are achieved.

Atmospheric conditions at Cerro Armazones derived from astronomical data

“…9). The GDAS data can be applied to predictions at locations far from the coast, on the other side of the Andes mountains, at the Auger observatory (Keilhauer 2015), but they clearly do not work in this zone of the Atacama desert. GDAS predictions systematically overestimate the PWV by 52%.…”