Atmospheric lead and bromine in Germany

Lammel, Gerhard; Röhrl, A.; Schreiber, Hermann

doi:10.1007/bf02987589

Cited by 35 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Besides, the EF crustal anthropogenic mobilization is also indicated by the Br : Cl ratio (0.65% by average), which exceeded the sea-salt Br : Cl ratio (0.34%). The Pb and non-sea-salt Br levels suggest that fuel additives, though insignificantly, still add to Pb and Br in air and the Pb levels at the site (Br : Pb ¼ 0.4-0.5 in vehicular traffic emissions; cf [26,27]) in agreement with a recent study in Mexico City [28]. The mobilization of As is usually mostly due to coal burning, which is probably not significant in the study area.…”

Section: Mass Concentrations and Influences Of Possible Sourcessupporting

confidence: 87%

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Evolution of anthropogenic aerosols in the coastal town of Salina Cruz, Mexico: part III size-segregated elemental composition analysed by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Lammel

Baumgardner

Fittschen

et al. 2007

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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Heavy metals in various size modes of the atmospheric aerosol are a concern for human health. Their and other elements' concentrations are indicative for anthropogenic and natural aerosol sources. Si, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Hg, and Pb were determined as a complementary contribution to a study on aerosol cycling during the wet season, June 2004, in a humid, subtropical climate, i.e. in the city of Salina Cruz, situated on the Pacific coast of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (16.2 N, 95.2 W), Mexico. For mass (gravimetry) and elemental analyses, particles were collected by a Berner low-pressure round nozzle cascade impactor using four stages corresponding to 0.1-0.25, 0.25-1.0, 1.0-4.0, and 4-16 mm of aerodynamic particle size. The impaction plates were modified such that approx. 1/6 consisted of a plastic support (Persplex Õ ) for total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The elements' total content was determined by TXRF without any further sample pretreatment. Limits of quantification (LOQ) for elemental content in individual impactor stages corresponded to 25-60 ng m À3 for Si; 0.8-4 ng m À3 for Cl, K, Ca, Ti, and V; 3-20 pg m À3 for Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Ni, and Zn; and 7-50 pg m À3 for As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Hg, and Pb. In some samples, however, high blank values for the supports gave an LOQ ¼ 6-19 ng m À3 for Cl; 3-7 ng m À3 for Ca; 3-7 ng m À3 for Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn; and 60-70 ng m À3 for Pb. The influence of local natural, industrial, and vehicle traffic sources for heavy-metal mobilization was obvious. Heavy-metal abundances did not coincide with regionally distributed pollutants. V and Ni were found at particularly elevated levels advected with the sea breeze, which points to ships as sources. Br and Pb were found at particularly low levels. The concentrations of Br, Rb, Sr, and Pb were found below LOQ at least in some, As, Co, Se, and Hg in all of the samples. The elements' characteristic differences in mass size distributions were obvious despite the coarse size resolution. During the cycling of air masses from land to sea and back again, enrichment of super-micrometre particles in the near ground aerosol was observed under dry weather conditions. Rain preferentially removed the large particles with which heavy metals have been associated. *Corresponding

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Section: Mass Concentrations and Influences Of Possible Sourcessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…[30,31]) or vehicle traffic (Br, Pb; e.g. [27,31]), respectively. Unlike most other elements, V was on average significantly more concentrated in air advected from the south (sea, harbour) than from the north (land and refinery; table 1).…”

Section: Mass Concentrations and Influences Of Possible Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of anthropogenic aerosols in the coastal town of Salina Cruz, Mexico: part III size-segregated elemental composition analysed by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Lammel

Baumgardner

Fittschen

et al. 2007

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

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“…These concentrations are very similar to those reported by Groma et al [70] (low traffic period) and are the same order of magnitude as the concentrations (1.6-90 ng/m 3 ) determined during a large-scale campaign on post-abatement Pb levels in several urban and rural sites in Germany. In this campaign, the aerosols were collected over a time period of 24 h [79].…”

Section: Characterization Of Atmospheric Aerosols Using Sr-txrf and Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron radiation-induced total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

Meirer

Singh

Pianetta

et al. 2010

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Synchrotron radiation-induced total reflection X-ray fluorescence (SR-TXRF) analysis is a high sensitive analytical technique that offers limits of detection in the femtogram range for most elements. Besides the analytical aspect, SR-TXRF is mainly used in combination with angle-dependent measurements and/or X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to gain additional information about the investigated sample. In this article, we briefly discuss the fundamentals of SR-TXRF and follow with several examples of recent research applying the above-mentioned combination of techniques to analytical problems arising from industrial applications and environmental research. ª

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“…Resuspension of roadway dust is also dominated by crustal elements Si, Fe, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, and K [18]. Metals related to traffic emission are Cu, Zn, Pb, and Br [18–20]. We can notice an increase in the concentrations of these elements in winter periods, which correspond to a decrease in the temperature measured.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Pollution from Small Combustors in a Village

Zwoździak

Samek

Sówka

et al. 2012

The Scientific World Journal

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Urban air pollution is widely recognized. Recently, there have been a few projects that examined air quality in rural areas (e.g., AUPHEP project in Austria, WOODUSE project in Denmark). Here we present the results within the International Cooperation Project RER/2/005 targeted at studying the effect of local combustion processes to air quality in the village of Brzezina in the countryside north-west of Wroclaw (south western Poland). We identified the potential emission sources and quantified their contributions. The ambient aerosol monitoring (PM10 and elemental concentrations) was performed during 4 measurement cycles, in summer 2009, 2010 and in winter 2010, 2011. Some receptor modeling techniques, factor analysis-multiple linear regression analysis (FA-MLRA) and potential source localization function (PSLF), have been used. Different types of fuel burning along with domestic refuse resulted in an increased concentration of PM10 particle mass, but also by an increased in various other compounds (As, Pb, Zn). Local combustion sources contributed up to 80% to PM10 mass in winter. The effect of other sources was small, from 6 to 20%, dependently on the season. Both PM10 and elemental concentrations in the rural settlement were comparable to concentrations at urban sites in summer and were much higher in winter, which can pose asignificant health risk to its inhabitants.

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Atmospheric lead and bromine in Germany

Abstract: Clearly, despite effective abatement measures, atmospheric Pb will continue to be dominated by anthropogenic mobilization. The influence from long-range transport can be expected to decrease with the effectiveness of abatement programmes in neighbouring countries of the region.

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Evolution of anthropogenic aerosols in the coastal town of Salina Cruz, Mexico: part III size-segregated elemental composition analysed by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Evolution of anthropogenic aerosols in the coastal town of Salina Cruz, Mexico: part III size-segregated elemental composition analysed by total-reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Synchrotron radiation-induced total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis

Aerosol Pollution from Small Combustors in a Village

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