Atmospheric icing in a coastal mountainous terrain. Measurements and numerical simulations, a case study

Drage, Magne A.; Hauge, Gard

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.12.003

Cited by 27 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Measurements of these parameters do not normally exist at any actual icing site, making reliable estimates crucially important. The method of doing these estimates is given by Harstveit (2002) and Drage and Hauge (2008). Estimates are made from measurements at the actual site, in this case study, Mt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-scale measurements and numerical simulations of in-cloud icing around a mountain ridge

Drage

Thiis

2012

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By measuring air temperature and relative humidity at the known level 1 below cloud base, it is now possible to estimate the liquid water content (LWC) of the cloud at a certain height above cloud base. The method is described by Drage and Hauge (2008), giving the equation:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-scale measurements and numerical simulations of in-cloud icing around a mountain ridge

Drage

Thiis

2012

Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics

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“…Methods to model ice, rime, hoarfrost and wet snow accretion on stationary structures, including power lines, have been developed as well (Makkonen 1981(Makkonen , 1984(Makkonen , 1989(Makkonen , 2000(Makkonen , 2013Sakamoto 2000;Drage and Hauge 2008;Makkonen and Wichura 2010;Wang and Jiang 2012;Nygaard et al 2013). Less work has been done to simulate snow and rime accretion on trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methods

Lehtonen¹,

Hoppula²,

Pirinen³

et al. 2014

Silva Fenn.

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Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methodsLehtonen I., Hoppula P., Pirinen P., Gregow H. (2014). Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methods. Silva Fennica vol. 48 no. 3 article id 1120. 30 p. Highlights• A new method to model crown snow loads is presented and compared with a previously published simpler method.• The heaviest crown snow loads in Finland are found to typically occur in the eastern parts of the country.• The relative importance of different snow load types varies between different regions of Finland. AbstractThe spatial occurrence of heavy crown snow loads in Finland between 1961 and 2010 is studied by using for the first time a model that classifies the snow load into four different types: rime, dry snow, wet snow and frozen snow. In producing this climatology, we used meteorological observations made at 29 locations across Finland. The model performance is evaluated against classified daily images of canopy snow cover and with the help of two short case studies. The results are further compared to those achieved with a simpler method used in previous studies. The heaviest crown snow loads are found to occur typically in eastern Finland. The new method reveals that this holds not only for the total snow loads but also for the different snow load types, although there are certain differences in their geographical occurrence. The greatest benefit achieved with the new method is the inclusion of rime accretion. The forests most prone to heavy riming are those located on tree-covered hills in northern Finland, but as the terrain elevation affects riming efficiency greatly, these small-scale variations in the snow load amounts could not be described in this study in great detail. Moreover, the results are more inaccurate in northern Finland where variations in the terrain elevation are greater than elsewhere. Otherwise, the largest uncertainties in this study are related to wind speed measurements and possibly partly because of that, we were not able to detect any significant trends in the crown snow-load amounts over the study period.

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“…We calculated the LWC at different times from 24-27 February 2009 at Enshi radar station, using the equations of Drage et al [22] and Thorkildson et al [23], and temperature and pressure data from Zhang-En line #307 and the radar station. The ice accretion period was from the 25th to the 27th.…”

Section: Calculation Of Lwc During Ice Accretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meteorological conditions of ice accretion based on real-time observation of high voltage transmission line

et al. 2011

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Meteorological conditions during ice accretion on the 500 kV high voltage transmission lines and test cables are presented, together with a calculation of liquid water content (LWC). The data include meteorological observations and real-time ice accretion on the transmission lines of the central China power grid, from 2008 to 2009 in Hubei Province. Also included are observations of ice thickness, microphysics of fog droplets, and other relevant data from a nearby automated weather station at Enshi radar station, from January to March 2009. Results show that temperature at Zhangen tower #307 was correlated with the temperature at Enshi radar station. The temperature on the surface of the high voltage transmission line was 2-4°C higher than ambient air temperature, although the temperatures were positively correlated. Ice formation temperature was about −2°C and ice shedding temperature was about −2 to −1°C on the high voltage transmission line, both of which were lower than the temperature threshold values on the test cable. Ice thickness was significantly affected by temperature variation when the ice was thin. The calculated LWC was correlated with observed LWC, although the calculated value was greater.

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Atmospheric icing in a coastal mountainous terrain. Measurements and numerical simulations, a case study

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Large-scale measurements and numerical simulations of in-cloud icing around a mountain ridge

Large-scale measurements and numerical simulations of in-cloud icing around a mountain ridge

Modelling crown snow loads in Finland: a comparison of two methods

Meteorological conditions of ice accretion based on real-time observation of high voltage transmission line

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