Atmospheric dust modeling from meso to global scales with the online NMMB/BSC-Dust model – Part 2: Experimental campaigns in Northern Africa

Haustein, Karsten; García‐Pando, Carlos Pérez; Baldasano, J. M.; Jorba, Oriol; Basart, Sara; Miller, Ron; Janjić, Zavisă; Black, Thomas L.; Ničković, Slobodan; Todd, Martin C.; Washington, Richard; Müller, Detlef; Tesche, Matthias; Weinzierl, Bernadett; Esselborn, Michael; Schladitz, A.

doi:10.5194/acp-12-2933-2012

Cited by 92 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…For the description of dust aerosols' wet removal, a mechanism which is more effective for fine mineral particles, parameterizations representing in-and belowcloud scavenging are included in the NMMB-MONARCH in which the grid-scale cloud microphysical scheme of Ferrier and the convective adjustment scheme of Betts-Miller-Janjic are utilized . The ability of the NMMB-MONARCH model to accurately reproduce the dust aerosol fields has been confirmed through evaluation studies, which relied on global and regional annual simulations , as well as through utilizing measurements from experimental campaigns as reference data (Haustein et al, 2012). Moreover, the reliability of the model in terms of reproducing the Saharan dust patterns over Cape Verde as well as to simulate dust vertical profiles has been confirmed through the analyses made by Gama et al (2015) and Binietoglou et al (2015), respectively.…”

Section: The Dust Componentmentioning

confidence: 67%

Direct radiative effects during intense Mediterranean desert dust outbreaks

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The direct radiative effect (DRE) during 20 intense and widespread dust outbreaks, which affected the broader Mediterranean basin over the period March 2000-February 2013, has been calculated with the NMMB-MONARCH model at regional (Sahara and European continent) and shortterm temporal (84 h) scales. According to model simulations, the maximum dust aerosol optical depths (AODs) range from ∼ 2.5 to ∼ 5.5 among the identified cases. At midday, dust outbreaks locally induce a NET (shortwave plus longwave) strong atmospheric warming (DRE ATM values up to 285 W m −2 ; Niger-Chad; dust AODs up to ∼ 5.5) and a strong surface cooling (DRE NETSURF values down to −337 W m −2 ), whereas they strongly reduce the downward radiation at the ground level (DRE SURF values down to −589 W m −2 over the Eastern Mediterranean, for extremely high dust AODs, 4.5-5). During night-time, reverse effects of smaller magnitude are found. At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), positive (planetary warming) DREs up to 85 W m −2 are found over highly reflective surfaces (Niger-Chad; dust AODs up to ∼ 5.5) while negative (planetary cooling) DREs down to −184 W m −2 (Eastern Mediterranean; dust AODs 4.5-5) are computed over dark surfaces at noon. Dust outbreaks significantly affect the mean regional radiation budget, with NET DREs ranging from −8.5 to 0.5 W m −2 , from −31.6 to 2.1 W m −2 , from −22.2 to 2.2 W m −2 and from −1.7 to 20.4 W m −2 for TOA, SURF, NETSURF and ATM, respectively. Although the shortwave DREs are larger than the longwave ones, the latter are comparable or even larger at TOA, particularly over the Sahara at midday. As a response to the strong surface day-time cooling, dust outbreaks cause a reduction in the regional sensible and latent heat fluxes by up to 45 and 4 W m −2 , respectively, averaged over land areas of the simulation domain. Dust outbreaks reduce the temperature at 2 m by up to 4 K during day-time, whereas a reverse tendency of similar magnitude is found during nighttime. Depending on the vertical distribution of dust loads and time, mineral particles heat (cool) the atmosphere by up to 0.9 K (0.8 K) during day-time (night-time) within atmospheric dust layers. Beneath and above the dust clouds, mineral particles cool (warm) the atmosphere by up to 1.3 K (1.2 K) at noon (night-time). On a regional mean basis, negative feedbacks on the total emitted dust (reduced by 19.5 %) and dust AOD (reduced by 6.9 %) are found when dust interacts with the radiation. Through the consideration of dust radiative effects in numerical simulations, the model positive and negative biases for the downward surface SW or LW radiation, respectively, with respect to Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) measurements, are reduced. In addition, they also reduce the model near-surface (at 2 m) nocturnal cold biases by up to 0.5 K (regional averages), as well as the model warm biases at 950 and 700 hPa, where the dust concentration is maximized, by up to 0.4 K. However, improvements are relatively small and do not happen in all ...

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Section: The Dust Componentmentioning

confidence: 67%

Direct radiative effects during intense Mediterranean desert dust outbreaks

et al. 2018

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“…The model has been evaluated at regional and global scales Haustein et al, 2012;Gama et al, 2015;Binietoglou et al, 2015;Huneeus et al, 2016; showing the ability of the model to reproduce the dust cycle.…”

Section: Nmmb/bsc-dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The NMMB/BSC-Dust model (NMMB: Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B Grid; BSC: Barcelona Supercomputing Center) is the mineral dust module of the NMMB-MONARCH (MONARCH: Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry) Haustein et al, 2012;Spada et al, 2013;Badia and Jorba, 2014;Di Tomaso et al, 2017) designed and developed at BSC in collaboration with NOAA NCEP (NOAA: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; NCEP: National Centers for Environmental Prediction) and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies. The NMMB-MONARCH model considers all relevant atmospheric aerosol types such as dust, sea salt, sulfates, organic, and black carbon, as well as aerosolformation-relevant gases.…”

Section: Nmmb/bsc-dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of Saharan dust from the Caribbean to western Africa – Part 2: Shipborne lidar measurements versus forecasts

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A unique 4-week ship cruise from Guadeloupe to Cabo Verde in April-May 2013 (see part 1, Rittmeister et al., 2017) is used for an in-depth comparison of dust profiles observed with a polarization/Raman lidar aboard the German research vessel Meteor over the remote tropical Atlantic and respective dust forecasts of a regional (SKIRON) and two global atmospheric (dust) transport models (NMMB/BSCDust, MACC/CAMS). New options of model-observation comparisons are presented. We analyze how well the modeled fine dust (submicrometer particles) and coarse dust contributions to light extinction and mass concentration match respective lidar observations, and to what extent models, adjusted to aerosol optical thickness observations, are able to reproduce the observed layering and mixing of dust and nondust (mostly marine) aerosol components over the remote tropical Atlantic. Based on the coherent set of dust profiles at well-defined distances from Africa (without any disturbance by anthropogenic aerosol sources over the ocean), we investigate how accurately the models handle dust removal at distances of 1500 km to more than 5000 km west of the Saharan dust source regions. It was found that (a) dust predictions are of acceptable quality for the first several days after dust emission up to 2000 km west of the African continent, (b) the removal of dust from the atmosphere is too strong for large transport paths in the global models, and (c) the simulated fine-to-coarse dust ratio (in terms of mass concentration and light extinction) is too high in the models compared to the observations. This deviation occurs initially close to the dust sources and then increases with distance from Africa and thus points to an overestimation of fine dust emission in the models.

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“…It includes an eight-bin size distribution within the 0.1-10 microns radius range according to Tegen and Lacis (1996) and radiative interactions (Mlawer et al, 1997). The NMMB/BSC-Dust model has been evaluated at regional and global scales (Pérez et al, 2011;Haustein et al, 2012). Complementing the dust atmospheric aerosol, a sea salt module (Spada et al, 2013) is implemented through 8 bins in the dry radius interval (0.1-15 microns) to describe mass concentrations and optical depth.…”

Section: A21 Nmmb/bsc-ctmmentioning

confidence: 99%