Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: Implications for nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters

Paerl, Hans W.; Dennis, Robin L.; Whitall, David R.

doi:10.1007/bf02804899

Cited by 251 publications

(141 citation statements)

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“…Nitrogen deposition is a part of the nitrogen global cycle which has been significantly influenced by anthropogenic inputs produced in industry, agriculture and transport (Vitousek et al 1997;Galloway 1998). Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and its influence on forest ecosystems have attracted attention of scientific research for a long time especially in connection with solving the problems of acid deposition (Taylor et al 1994;Hordijk, Kroeze 1997;Schöpp et al 2003), eutrophication of the environment (Paerl et al 2002), nitrogen saturation of forests (Dise, Wright 1995;Aber et al 1989Aber et al , 1998Bobbink et al 1998;Fenn et al 1998), ground-level ozone production (DiGiovanni, Fellin 2006) and recently also in relation to carbon sequestration (Magnani et al 2007;de Schrijver et al 2008;de Vries et al 2008;Sutton et al 2008). Interesting studies revealing the impact of various industrial, agricultural and other human activities on nitrogen deposition and fluxes mapped Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at the Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

Drápelová¹

2012

J. For. Sci.

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Organic nitrogen is an important but yet not very well explored component of nitrogen deposition. In this study concentrations and fluxes of organic and inorganic nitrogen in bulk precipitation in an open field (BOF) and in throughfall (THR) were evaluated at the Bílý Kříž experimental site (Moravian-Silesian Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic, 908 m a.s.l.) with a young Norway spruce stand. The results of a two-year study (2008 and 2009) were compared with the results obtained during the same time period on forest plots included in ICP Forests Programme in the Czech Republic. Total nitrogen deposition in BOF at the Bílý Kříž site amounted to about 918 mg·m–2·a–1, the contribution of organic nitrogen was about 8%. Total nitrogen flux with THR at Bílý Kříž was about 1,305 mg·m–2·a–1 during the studied years and organic N accounted for 12% of this amount. The ranges of the two-year average values found for total nitrogen flux on ICP Forests plots throughout the Czech Republic were as follows: 759–1,857 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–38% contribution of organic N in BOF and 928–3,816 mg N·m–2·a–1 with 7–20% contribution of organic N in THR. The share of organic nitrogen in THR nitrogen fluxes at Bílý Kříž proved clear seasonality with maxima in July. A highly significant correlation between N-NH4+   and N-NO3–   concentrations in BOF suggested the common anthropogenic source of these substances at the Bílý Kříž site. No significant correlation was found either between organic N and N-NH4+ or between organic N and N-NO3– concentrations in BOF. Cumulative deposition charts showed different behaviour of particular nitrogen deposition components while passing through the canopy.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

Drápelová¹

2012

J. For. Sci.

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“…The chemical behaviour of these components relevant to their atmospheric inputs is described very briefly here. More extensive discussions are available in Paerl et al (2002); Raes et al (2000); Spokes and Jickells (2005) or in standard texts such as Seinfeld and Pandis (1998). Oxidised nitrogen is dominated by emissions of NO and NO 2 (usually referred to as NO x since they can interchange rather easily) which react relatively quickly (hours to days) to form nitric acid which can then react to form nitrate aerosol.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Not only have total atmospheric nitrogen emissions changed over the last few hundred years associated with a doubling of overall global nitrogen fluxes (Galloway et al, 1995) but the nature of sources continue to change as global patterns of agriculture and industry evolve (e.g. Galloway et al, 2004;Fowler et al, 2004;Paerl et al, 2002). Table 1 presents estimates of the NO x and NH 3 atmospheric emission sources, and emphasises that about 80% of current emissions are anthropogenic.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For ammonia the situation is more complex as discussed below. Paerl et al (2002) suggest that nitric acid dominates over nitrate, and ammonium over ammonia in both the eastern USA and Northern Europe, possibly because of efficient reaction of ammonia with sulphuric acid which is usually the dominant acid in the atmosphere. Norman and Leck (2005) find ammonia and ammonium concentrations to be generally similar with a slight dominance of ammonium in a large scale study covering much of the Atlantic Ocean.…”

Section: Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assessing the impacts of atmospheric deposition to coastal waters is complicated by the importance of other inputs such as rivers and groundwater (Jickells, 1998Paerl et al, 2002). These are not completely independent because a significant component of the fluvial nitrogen input may be derived from atmospheric inputs to the catchment.…”

Section: Coastal Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of air-sea exchange in the marine nitrogen cycle

Jickells

2006

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. This contribution to the Spot-On volume considers the magnitude and composition of atmospheric nitrogen inputs to the oceans and then goes on to consider the impacts of these inputs. Effects in open ocean and coastal areas are probably different. Offshore atmospheric inputs may produce a small enhancement of overall ocean productivity and hence CO 2 drawdown. In coastal waters atmospheric inputs contribute significantly to overall eutrophication pressure, but evidence that they trigger algal blooms is limited. Management of atmospheric inputs to coastal waters to mitigate eutrophication pressures requires that emissions be managed over a wide area reflecting the efficient long range transport of atmospheric nitrogen. Strategies for management of oxidised and reduced nitrogen deposition will be different reflecting their different rates of deposition.

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Acidic Deposition: Sources and Effects

Driscoll

Fallon‐Lambert²,

Chen

2005

Encyclopedia of Hydrological Sciences

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Acidic deposition delivers acids and acidifying compounds to the Earth's surface, which are then transported through soil, vegetation, and surface waters and, in turn, set off a cascade of adverse ecological effects. Acidic deposition has altered forest soil by accelerating the leaching of available base cations, enhancing the accumulation of sulfur and nitrogen, and increasing the concentration of dissolved inorganic aluminum in soil waters. Soils that are compromised by acidic deposition are less able to neutralize additional amounts of acidic deposition, and provide poorer growing conditions for plants. Acidic deposition has impaired the surface water quality by lowering pH, decreasing acid‐neutralizing capacity ( ANC ), and increasing concentrations of dissolved inorganic aluminum. These changes have reduced the species diversity and abundance of aquatic life. Regulatory controls initiated in Europe and North America over the last three decades have decreased emissions of sulfur dioxide and to a lesser extent nitrogen oxides. Emission reductions have resulted in widespread decreases in concentrations of sulfate in surface waters, with some waters showing an increase in ANC. Given the loss of acid‐neutralizing base cations and the accumulation of sulfur and nitrogen in soil, many ecosystems have become more sensitive to additional acidic deposition and recovery will likely be delayed. Long‐term research shows that deeper emissions cuts will lead to greater and faster recovery from acidic deposition in impacted regions.

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Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen: Implications for nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters

Cited by 251 publications

References 80 publications

Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

Organic and inorganic nitrogen in precipitation and in forest throughfall at Bílý Kříž site (Beskydy Mts., Czech Republic)

The role of air-sea exchange in the marine nitrogen cycle

Acidic Deposition: Sources and Effects

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