Atmospheric corrosivity in the Caribbean area

Corvo, Francisco; Haces, C.; Betancourt, N.; Maldonado, L.; Véleva, L.; Echeverría, M.; Rincón, Oladis Troconis de; Rincón, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(96)00138-2

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…3). It is in agreement with results obtained in other atmospheric corrosion studies carried out in the coastal insular tropical climate of Cuba for closed store houses and under heat trap conditions, as well as with the prediction of ISO 9223 standard [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. At the range 80-90% of RH, TOW reaches higher values because it is a heavily forested coastal zone.…”

Section: Time Of Wetness (Tow)supporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, it has been shown that under outdoor exposure, atmospheric corrosion is still higher due to high atmospheric pollutants deposition (mainly chloride ions) and the presence of liquid precipitations [27][28][29][31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Time Of Wetness (Tow)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A different effect of between Eastern Caribbean regions (Venezuela) and Western Caribbean regions (Cuba and Mexico), due to different atmospheric conditions was observed. In the Caribbean coastal regions, it is common to find extreme corrosivity categories of the atmospheres (CX)established in IS0 9223 Standard [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outdoor-Indoor Atmospheric Corrosion in a Coastal Wind Farm Located in a Tropical Island

Castañeda¹,

Corvo²,

Fernández³

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Atmospheric corrosion is important to consider for energy production and transmission. Important and valuable information have been accumulated in this subject; however, the application of new knowledge obtained is not completed. In order to contribute to a decrease in economic losses caused by atmospheric corrosion in wind farms, studies toward application of this knowledge should be carried out. One of the most common reasons for the failure of coastal structures and infrastructures is deterioration failure which is the result of structure deterioration and lack of project maintenance. Atmospheric corrosion was evaluated at outdoor and indoor exposure sites located at different distances from the sea in a wind farm region. Carbon and galvanized steel, copper and aluminum specimens were exposed. Main pollutants and atmospheric parameters were measured. Significant differences between outdoor corrosivity determined by dose response functions established on ISO standard respecting direct weight loss evaluation were found. Estimation carried out using dose response functions overestimate corrosivity (excepting copper). Main factors causing outdoor corrosion are different to indoor. Very high outdoor and indoor corrosivity classifications were determined.

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Section: Time Of Wetness (Tow)supporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Time Of Wetness (Tow)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outdoor-Indoor Atmospheric Corrosion in a Coastal Wind Farm Located in a Tropical Island

Castañeda¹,

Corvo²,

Fernández³

et al. 2017

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“…This distance was chosen because, from a corrosion point of view, chloride contamination is essentially absent (Corvo et al, 1997). Thus, TOW measurements would not be influenced by the presence of chlorides and their hygroscopicity.…”

Section: Exposure Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Time of Wetness and HR-T Complex as Tools for Corrosion Risk Evaluation in a Concrete Block Exposed to a Humid Tropical Environment

Castro-Borges

Véleva

2015

Revista de la Construcción

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Tiempo de Humectación y el Complejo HR-T como herramientas para evaluar el riesgo por corrosión en un bloque de concreto expuesto a un ambiente tropical húmedoPedro Castro-Borges ( Abstract Material surface time of wetness (TOW) and temperature (T) are critical variables that influence the corrosion behavior of reinforced steel bars in concrete, and concrete durability. In concrete structures, both variables are indirectly dependent on the atmospheric relative humidity/ temperature complex, and specific structural characteristics: concrete composition, water/cement ratio, curing time, geometry and orientation in the environment. Concrete internal TOW and T distribution data were collected using Cu/Au electronic sensors arranged at 15, 40, 65 and 75 mm depths in a concrete block (300 x 300 x 150 mm; w/c 0.5) exposed for one year in a rural-urban humid tropical climate in southeast Mexico. Concrete internal TOW allows structure designers to define concrete cover thickness over steel reinforcement bars. The results indicate that under the tested exposure conditions, the side of the block with the highest TOW values (west) would require a thicker concrete cover than that with lower values (east). Longer TOW can increase the possible permeation of gases such as CO2, and consequent concrete carbonation, as well as lead to loss of the passive state in steel reinforcement and initiation of the corrosion process. ResumenEl tiempo de humectación (TOW) y la temperatura (T) de la superficie de un material son variables críticas que influencian el comportamiento corrosivo del acero de refuerzo en el concreto y su durabilidad. Estos factores tienen una dependencia indirecta del complejo atmosférico humedad relativa/temperatura, debido a las características específicas del concreto: composición, relación agua/cemento (w/c), tiempo de curado, geometría y orientación en el ambiente. Con el objetivo de adquirir datos para la distribución interna del TOW y T, se colocaron sensores electrónicos de Au/Cu a diferentes profundidades de 15, 49, 65 y 75 mm en un bloque de concreto (300x300x150 mm; w/c 0.5), expuesto durante un año en clima rural-urbano tropical húmedo, del sureste de México. El TOW registrado en el bloque de concreto es importante para diseñadores de estructuras, para definir el espesor del concreto sobre el refuerzo. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que en las condiciones de esta exposición, la cara oeste del concreto debería ser más gruesa que la orientada al este. La existencia de un largo TOW causará una mayor posibilidad de entrada de gases como CO2, lo cual conllevaría a carbonatación del concreto, pérdida de la capa pasiva del acero e inicio de su corrosión.

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“…However, its behavior with respect to distance from the sea as an indicator of marine aerosol penetration in Cuban cities with shielding conditions has not been studied. The method used for Cl -DR evaluation was the dry plate (Corvo et al, 1995(Corvo et al, , 1997(Corvo et al, , 2008a(Corvo et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration of marine aerosol in a tropical coastal city: Havana

Castañeda¹,

Corvo

Howland³

et al. 2018

Atm

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RESUMENLas edificaciones son obstáculos importantes para el ingreso y distribución del aerosol marino en la atmósfera de clima tropical costero de La Habana. Debido a este efecto de apantallamiento, a escasa distancia del mar se aprecia un considerable decremento en la deposición de iones cloruro. Las partículas de cloruro de mayor tamaño y peso suspendidas en el aerosol pueden depositarse en las inmediaciones del rompiente de las olas. La velocidad promedio anual del viento tuvo un efecto significativo en el incremento de la deposición de cloruros en el sitio de exposición más cercano al mar, donde la influencia de las edificaciones es insignificante y los niveles pronosticados de agresividad corrosiva son alto, muy alto y extremo. La disminución de la temperatura del aire fue el factor climático que tuvo mayor influencia en la deposición de iones cloruro. La penetración del aerosol marino es ocho veces menor en La Habana con relación a otros sitios sin condiciones de apantallamiento. La distribución de la salinidad transportada por el aire dentro de la ciudad es diferente respecto de la encontrada fuera de ésta. ABSTRACTBuilding structures constitute obstacles for the entrance and distribution of marine aerosol in the atmosphere of Havana City (tropical coastal climate). Due to the shielding effect caused by building structures, a considerable decrease in chloride deposition is determined at a short distance from the sea. Heavier and larger-sized chloride aerosol particles can settle down in the vicinity of breaking waves. The annual average wind speed showed significant influence in increasing chloride deposition at the exposure site close to the sea, where the effect of building structures is negligible and the predicted levels of corrosivity of the atmosphere are high, very high and extreme. Air temperature was the main climatic factor influencing chloride deposition (when temperature decreases, chloride deposition increases). Penetration of marine aerosol is eight times lower in Havana City with respect to other sites without obstacles. Airborne salinity distribution inside the city is different than outside the city.Keywords: Marine aerosol, distance from the sea, chloride deposition, shielding condition, corrosivity categories. 88A. Castañeda et al. IntroductionA significant deterioration due to atmospheric corrosion of reinforced concrete structures built with metallic materials, more often used in the construction industry as carbon steel and galvanized steel, is observed in the tropical coastal climate in Havana City. It is a consequence of high (C4), very high (C5) and extreme (CX) corrosivity categories of the atmosphere at coastal locations without shielding conditions (Castañeda et al., 2013(Castañeda et al., , 2014. High corrosivity categories of the atmosphere were expected due to high levels of chloride deposition rate (Cl -DR). However, penetration studies carried out in Cuba and some Latin-American countries about marine aerosol as a factor in the initiation and propagation of atmospheric cor...

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Atmospheric corrosivity in the Caribbean area

Cited by 49 publications

References 1 publication

Outdoor-Indoor Atmospheric Corrosion in a Coastal Wind Farm Located in a Tropical Island

Outdoor-Indoor Atmospheric Corrosion in a Coastal Wind Farm Located in a Tropical Island

Time of Wetness and HR-T Complex as Tools for Corrosion Risk Evaluation in a Concrete Block Exposed to a Humid Tropical Environment

Penetration of marine aerosol in a tropical coastal city: Havana

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