Atmospheric concentrations, sources and gas-particle partitioning of PAHs in Beijing after the 29th Olympic Games

Ma, Wan–Li; Sun, Dezhi; Shen, W.; Yang, Meng; Qi, Hong; Liu, Liyan; Shen, Jimin; Li, Yifan

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.025

Cited by 111 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…6. In our study, the total n-alkanes in PM 2.5 showed a winter > autumn > spring > summer seasonal distribution, and this pattern is consistent with results for 2001 reported by Huang et al (Wang, Shao, Zhang, et al, 2009); (e) PM2.5 (this study); (f) PM2.5 (Okuda et al, 2011); (g) PM10 ; (h) passive particulate samplers ; (i) TSP (Ma et al, 2011). (2006). However, Zhou et al (2009) indicated that concentrations of n-alkanes in PM 10 in [2003][2004] were highest in winter, followed by spring, summer and autumn.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studies In Beijingsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…PAH concentrations in winter ini- (Huang et al, 2006). On the other hand, Ma et al (2011) reported that the annual concentration of PAHs in TSP from September 2008 to July 2009 was 104.1 ± 129.9 ng/m 3 , and one would assume that the PAH concentrations in PM 2.5 would be even lower. Okuda et al (2011) reported that during the period of the Olympic Games, the water-soluble ions in TSP, except for nitrogen-containing species, declined by 43-79%, and they also found a decrease in the concentrations of HMW (5-7 ring) PAHs.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Studies In Beijingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular distribution and seasonal variation of hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from Beijing during 2006

Cao

et al. 2013

Particuology

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a b s t r a c tNormal (n)-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM 2.5 were collected from Beijing in 2006 and analyzed using a thermal desorption-GC/MS technique. Annual average concentrations of n-alkanes and PAHs were 282 ± 96 and 125 ± 150 ng/m 3 , respectively: both were highest in winter and lowest in summer. C 19 -C 25 compounds dominated the n-alkanes while benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, and phenanthrene were the most abundant PAHs. The n-alkanes exhibited moderate correlations with organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) throughout the year, but the relationships between the PAHs, OC and EC differed between the heating and non-heating seasons. The health risks associated with PAHs in winter were more than 40 times those in spring and summer even though the PM 2.5 loadings were comparable. Carbon preference index values (<1.5) indicated that the n-alkanes were mostly from fossil fuel combustion. The ratios of indeno [123-cd]pyrene to benzo[ghi]pyrelene in summer and spring were 0.58 ± 0.12 and 0.63 ± 0.09, respectively, suggesting that the PAHs mainly originated from motor vehicles, but higher ratios in winter reflected an increased influence from coal, which is extensively burned for domestic heating. A comprehensive comparison showed that PAH pollution in Beijing has decreased in the past 10 years.

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Section: Comparison With Other Studies In Beijingsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Comparison With Other Studies In Beijingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular distribution and seasonal variation of hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from Beijing during 2006

Cao

et al. 2013

Particuology

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“…This value was comparable to results from coastal cities in China, e.g., Beijing, Shanghai, and Xiamen, as well as the Gosan station on Jeju Island, Korea (Zhao et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2011;Choi et al, 2012). It should be noted that the value would be lower if the tworing PAH naphthalene were taken into account or be higher if sampling in cold seasons.…”

Section: Dry and Wet Depositionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across the air-water interface in the Bohai and Yellow Seas

Chen

Lin

Tang

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sWe assess the fate of atmospheric PAHs in the air-water interface of BS and YS. The volatilization fluxes of three-ring PAHs were higher than the deposition fluxes. Petrogenic inputs contribute PAHs in the dissolved phase and sustain volatilization. The input to and output from the water reached equilibrium for four-ring PAHs. Five to six ring PAHs were introduced into the water primarily through deposition. In this study, air and surface seawater samples collected from the Bohai (BS) and Yellow Seas (YS) in May 2012 were determined exchange of PAHs, especially of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs (three-and four-ring PAHs) at the air-water interface. Net volatilization fluxes of LMW PAHs were 266e1454 ng/m 2 / d and decreased with distance from the coast, indicating that these PAHs transported from coastal runoff were potential contributors to the atmosphere in the BS and YS. Moreover, LMW PAHs were enriched in the dissolved phase compared with those in the particulate phase in the water column, possibly suggesting that the volatilized LMW PAHs were directly derived from wastewater discharge or petroleum pollution rather than released from contaminated sediments. The airesea exchange fluxes of the threering PAHs were 2-to 20-fold higher than their atmospheric deposition fluxes in the BS and YS. The input to and output from the water reached equilibrium for four-ring PAHs. Differently, five-and six-ring PAHs were introduced into the marine environment primarily through dry and wet deposition, indicating that the water column was still a sink of these PAHs from the surrounding atmosphere.

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“…However, it was reported that in winter, PAH outflows reaching North Asian counties were mainly from North China Plain and northeast China, whereas Southeast China including Guangdong province was the major contributor to the PAH outflow reaching the South China Sea and Southeast Asia (Lang et al 2007(Lang et al , 2008. Indeed, many studies using PAH ratios and/or factor analysis identified that CC for residential heating was the major source of PAHs in cities in northern China (Okuda et al 2006(Okuda et al , 2010Tian et al 2009;Li et al 2011;Ma et al 2011). With the help of the PCA-MLR technique, Ma et al (2011) found that pyrogenic sources (including CC for residential heating), coke oven, and unidentified sources contributed 44, 39, and 17 %, respectively, to the total PAHs in winter Beijing.…”

Section: Source Contributions To Total Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, many studies using PAH ratios and/or factor analysis identified that CC for residential heating was the major source of PAHs in cities in northern China (Okuda et al 2006(Okuda et al , 2010Tian et al 2009;Li et al 2011;Ma et al 2011). With the help of the PCA-MLR technique, Ma et al (2011) found that pyrogenic sources (including CC for residential heating), coke oven, and unidentified sources contributed 44, 39, and 17 %, respectively, to the total PAHs in winter Beijing. By using factor analysis with nonnegative constraints, Tian et al (2009) indentified that coal-fired boiler emission (56 %), CC for residential heating (33 %), and VE (11 %) were the main sources of PAHs in winter Dalian.…”

Section: Source Contributions To Total Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracer-based source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Guangzhou, southern China, using positive matrix factorization (PMF)

Gao

Guo

Wang

et al. 2012

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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From 28 November to 23 December 2009, 24-h PM 2.5 samples were collected simultaneously at six sites in Guangzhou. Concentrations of 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) together with certain molecular tracers for vehicular emissions (i.e., hopanes and elemental carbon), coal combustion (i.e., picene), and biomass burning (i.e., levoglucosan) were determined. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model combined with tracer data was applied to explore the source contributions to PAHs. Three sources were identified by both inspecting the dominant tracer(s) in each factor and comparing source profiles derived from PMF with determined profiles in Guangzhou or in the Pearl River Delta region. The three sources identified were vehicular emissions (VE), biomass burning (BB), and coal combustion (CC), accounting for 11±2 %, 31±4 %, and 58± 4 % of the total PAHs, respectively. CC replaced VE to become the most important source of PAHs in Guangzhou, reflecting the effective control of VE in recent years. The three sources had different contributions to PAHs with different ring sizes, with higher BB contributions (75±3 %) to four-ring PAHs such as pyrene and higher CC contributions (57±4 %) to six-ring PAHs such as benzo [ghi]perylene. Temporal variations of VE and CC contributions were probably caused by the change of weather conditions, while temporal variations of BB contributions were additionally influenced by the fluctuation of BB emissions. Source contributions also showed some spatial variations, probably due to the source emission variations near the sampling sites.

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Atmospheric concentrations, sources and gas-particle partitioning of PAHs in Beijing after the 29th Olympic Games

Cited by 111 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular distribution and seasonal variation of hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from Beijing during 2006

Molecular distribution and seasonal variation of hydrocarbons in PM2.5 from Beijing during 2006

Exchange of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons across the air-water interface in the Bohai and Yellow Seas

Tracer-based source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2.5 in Guangzhou, southern China, using positive matrix factorization (PMF)

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