Atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants over the Pacific Ocean near southern Taiwan and the northern Philippines

Chao, How‐Ran; Lin, Ding Yan; Chen, Kuang Yu; Gou, Yan Yu; Chiou, Tsyr Huei; Lee, Wen Jhy; Chen, Shui Jen; Wang, Lin‐Chi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.017

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The ambient outdoor air levels of PBDEs in residential neighborhoods were higher in the present study than in previous studies in a Pingtung rural area (15.9 pg/m 3 ) (Chao et al, 2014c) and three areas of Tainan (industrial: 58.5, urban: 88, rural: 55.4 pg/Nm 3 ) (Lin et al, 2012). Our value had the similar magnitude with ambient levels of PBDEs in the urban areas, but lower than those in the industrial areas of Florence, Italy (Cincinelli1 et al, 2014).…”

Section: Levels Of Airborne Pbdes Inside and Outside Residential Homescontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…The sampling, extraction, and cleanup procedures for air samples of PBDEs used in previous studies were followed with minor modification Chao et al, 2014c). In brief, before the air sampling, pre-labelled isotopes and identifiable surrogate standards were spiked in the cartridges to evaluate the collection efficiency of the sampling process.…”

Section: Samples Collection Extraction and Cleanupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our value had the similar magnitude with ambient levels of PBDEs in the urban areas, but lower than those in the industrial areas of Florence, Italy (Cincinelli1 et al, 2014). Compared with the other brominated POPs like polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), PBDEs are the most abundant pollutants in the flue gas and outdoor environment (Chao et al, 2014c;Wang et al, 2014). Although PBDEs have the structural similarity with PCBs and PCDD/Fs, their emission sources and transportation routes are quite different.…”

Section: Levels Of Airborne Pbdes Inside and Outside Residential Homesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Shy

Hsu

Shih

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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It has been demonstrated that human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) might be associated with several adverse health effects. Dietary and microenvironmental sources are considered to be the main routes of PBDEs exposure. The study aimed to investigate PBDEs in residential indoor and outdoor air and further to assess the health risks in family members of different ages. Indoor and outdoor air samples from houses in residential areas were simultaneously collected for analysis of 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, 196, 197, 203, 206, 207, 208, and 209 by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. PBDE concentrations were non-significantly higher indoors (81.1 pg/m 3 ) than outdoors (42.7 pg/m 3 ) (p = 0.513). For the outdoor air, the mean PBDE level was lower in air outside houses than in air from industrial and urban areas. Levels of Σ 14 PBDEs and BDE-209 in house indoor air were no higher in Taiwan than other countries. The daily intake of non-dietary PBDEs from house air and dust in Taiwan was highest in the toddlers (1-2 years old; 8.22 ng/kg b.w./day) and lowest in the male adults (≥ 20 years old; 0.562 ng/kg b.w./day) among family members. For Taiwanese, the risks of non-cancer (hazard quotient: HQ) and cancer (cancer risk: R) with neurobehavioral effects of exposure to non-dietary PBDEs in the home environment were assessed to be lower than the critical values of 1.00 and 1.00 × 10 -6 for HQs and Rs, respectively. In conclusion, levels of indoor PBDEs and non-dietary daily intake were found to be low in home environments in Taiwan. This result suggests that PBDEs in the home environment are not harmful to family members from the newborn to the elderly if we only consider the neurobehavioral effects.

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Section: Levels Of Airborne Pbdes Inside and Outside Residential Homescontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Samples Collection Extraction and Cleanupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Levels Of Airborne Pbdes Inside and Outside Residential Homesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Shy

Hsu

Shih

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The outdoor air mass distribution was dominated by 206,207,208,and 209, which contributed 94.5% of Σ 30 PBDEs in the daytime and 97.9% in the nighttime, respectively. Both indoor and outdoor levels of PBDEs in the present study were higher than those in Taiwanese home environments (Σ 14 PBDEs: 81.1 and 13.1 pg m -3 in indoor and outdoor air, respectively) (Shy et al, 2015) and ambient air in the rural area of Pingtung (Σ 14 PBDEs: 15.9 pg m -3 ) (Chao et al, 2014c). As compared with other studies published from 2004 to 2016 and shown in Table 2, the mean level of PBDEs in the indoor air in the present study was lower than those in the vehicle parking areas in southern China (Li et al, 2016) and e-waste storage facilities in Thailand (Muenhor et al, 2010), but levels were still higher than those in the domestic environment (Wilford et al, 2004;Takigami et al, 2009;Shy et al, 2015;Ding et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…Indoor BDE-209 was the major source of outdoor BDE-209. In our previous studies, BDE-209 concentrations were 59.7% and 70.0% of Σ 14 PBDEs in the ambient air including daytime and nighttime air collected in the rural university (Chao et al, 2014c) and the rural residence (Shy et al, 2015), respectively. The ambient air level of BDE-209 in PRD areas was over 88.4% of the total PBDEs (Ding et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Pollution Characteristics and Diurnal Variations in Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor and Outdoor Air from Vehicle Dismantler Factories in Southern Taiwan

Gou

Hsu

Chao

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of the emerging persistent organic pollutants that have shown potential harmful effects in in-vivo and human studies. Our goal was to investigate 30 airborne PBDEs in day-to-night or indoor-to-outdoor in three vehicle dismantling factories located in southern Taiwan to assess worker risks. Thirty PBDEs including 15, 17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 139, 140, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 191, 196, 197, 203, 206, 207, 208, and 209 were analyzed using high-resolution-gas chromatography/high-resolution-mass-spectrometer. Levels of airborne Σ 30 PBDEs were 275, 336, 200 and 494 p gm -3 in indoor daytime, indoor nighttime, outdoor daytime, and outdoor nighttime, respectively, and their differences were not significant. BDE-209 was the predominant congener among the 30 PBDEs consisting of 82.5-97.9% of Σ 30 PBDEs in both indoor and outdoor air. Pollution characterizations of the PBDE patterns were similar in air samples except for the outdoor air in the nighttime. Diurnal variations in PBDEs in both indoor and outdoor air were not observed. A principal component analysis was used to test for possible sources of PBDE contamination. BDE-209 in outdoor air was possibly contributed from PBDEs in indoor air, particularly from BDE-209. Characteristics of diurnal PBDE contamination in indoor and outdoor air in vehicle dismantling factories were linked to commercial technical OctaBDE (Bromkal 79-8DE) and DecaBDEs (Bromkal 82-0D and Saytex 102E) mixtures. The highest PBDE intakes of workers via inhalation were assessed as 41.8 and 32.7 pg kg -1 bw day -1 for male and female adults, respectively. It was hypothesized that airborne PBDEs in indoor factories are released from the surface of DecaBDE or OctaBDE technical formulations and influence outdoor air through ventilation or natural dispersion. However, occupational exposure through inhalation might be an important PBDE contamination pathway, but it is minor compared to PBDE dietary intake.

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Levels of PCDD/Fs, PBDEs, and PBDD/Fs in Breast Milk from Southern Taiwan

Chen

Castillo

Lin

et al. 2018

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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This study investigates the congener-specific concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in 25 breast milk samples from southern Taiwan. Most investigated congeners in Taiwanese breast milk are detectable except for PBDD/Fs. The geometric means of PCDD/Fs and PBDEs in the breast milk are 2.44 pg WHO-TEQ/g lipid and 2810 pg/g lipid. Several PCDD/F and PBDE congeners were highly correlated to each other like 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF (r = 0.919, p < 0.001). The longest duration of menstruation could be predicted by BDE-153 (β = 0.252) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF (β = 0.345) with adjustment of confounders using a multiple stepwise linear regression model (r = 0.963, p < 0.001).

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Atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants over the Pacific Ocean near southern Taiwan and the northern Philippines

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Indoor Level of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in the Home Environment and Assessment of Human Health Risks

Pollution Characteristics and Diurnal Variations in Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Indoor and Outdoor Air from Vehicle Dismantler Factories in Southern Taiwan

Levels of PCDD/Fs, PBDEs, and PBDD/Fs in Breast Milk from Southern Taiwan

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