Atmospheric CO2 Level and Temperature Affect Degradation of Pretilachlor and Butachlor in Indian Soil

Abstract

This study was conducted at ambient (398 ± 10 µmol mol), elevated (450 ± 10 µmol mol) and elevated (550 ± 10 µmol mol) atmospheric CO under three moisture regime and also three level of temperature (4, 25, and 40°C) to assess the degradation of pretilachlor and butachlor. Under dry condition at 398 ± 10 µmol mol, T was 28.5 and 59.4 days for pretilachlor and butachlor, respectively; slowly decreased to 18.2 and 44.5 days at 550 ± 10 µmol mol indicated that elevated condition enhanced degradation than ambient condition. Under field capacity with increasing CO levels from ambient to elevated, T decreased from 18.9 to 11.6 days and 39.4 to 16.2 days for of pretilachlor and butachlor, respectively. Similarly, under submerged conditions with increasing CO levels T decreased 14.7-7.1 and 26.3-11.8 days for pretilachlor and butachlor, respectively. Study also revealed that both pretilachlor and butachlor dissipated faster at 40°C (T, 9.7 and 19.4 days) than 25°C (T, 16.2 and 36.7 days). Slower dissipation was recorded at 4°C (T, 87.6 and 182.4 days).

Assessing influences of farmyard manure addition, elevated CO2, soil sterilization, soil types, and soil moisture on clothianidin dissipation kinetics

“…Previous studies have shown faster dissipation in elevated CO conditions than that of ambient CO conditions 2 2 (Khandelwal et al, 2014;Kumar et al, 2017;Manna et al, 2013), which is comparable with the results of this study. This elevated CO condition in soil is likely to associate with higher degradation 2 of pesticides (Chatterjee et al, 2013;Kumar and Gupta 2020;Mukherjee et al, 2018). Similar observation stated the existence of a positive correlation between pesticide dissipation and soil microbial activity (Kumar and Gupta, 2020).…”

Ultimate fate, transformation, and toxicological consequences of herbicide pretilachlor to biotic components and associated environment: An overview

“…A study on three soil series, namely, Selangor, Sabrang, and Bernam series, showed that degradation of the herbicide in soils with higher moisture levels was high (Ismail & Handah, 1999). At higher moisture levels, the half-life of pretilachlor gets reduced as water molecules compete with the herbicide for adsorption sites on soil colloids, and as a result, herbicide concentration in the soil solution increases, which would make herbicide molecules more accessible to soil microbes (Mukherjee et al, 2018). Similarly, Mukherjee et al (2018) also observed faster dissipation of pretilachlor under submerged conditions followed by field capacity and dry moisture regime due to partial anaerobic conditions under submerged moisture regime.…”

“…Moreover, environmental factors and soil properties affect the degradation process of pretilachlor, which in turn influence the soil enzymatic activities (Mukherjee et al, 2018;Niemi et al, 2009).…”

Packages of Organic Nutrient Management as Soil Policy for Upgrading Cropping System to Restore Soil Productivity

“…can be used. Sawdust from untreated wood, calcified seaweed, limestone, gypsum, chalk, magnesium rock, and rock phosphate can be used [18]. Various sprays like vermiwash, liquid manure, etc.…”