Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury

Lin, Che‐Jen; Singhasuk, Pattaraporn; Pehkonen, Simo O.

doi:10.1002/9781118146644.ch4

Cited by 11 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…The experimentally-determined rate constant for the oxidation of Hg 0 by NO 3 has been previously reported to be <4 × 10 −15 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 by Sommar et al [39] and <7 × 10 −15 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 by Sumner et al [36] at 1 atm and 298 K. However, based on the new HgO thermochemistry, Hynes et al estimated this reaction to be highly endothermic and, thus, suggested that this oxidation pathway is not viable in the atmosphere [14,49]. Furthermore, theoretical calculations by Dibble et al [47] suggest that NO 3 do not form strong bonds with Hg 0 and therefore is unlikely to initiate gas-phase Hg 0 oxidation reactions.…”

Section: Oxidation Of Hg 0 By Nomentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The chemistry of atmospheric mercury was previously reviewed in detail by Lin and Pehkonen [16], Ariya et al [17], Subir et al [18] , Lin et al [14] and Ariya et al [4] . Several excellent contributions have been made to our understanding in this area since 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the oxidation reactions of Hg 0 is important for estimating the atmospheric lifetime of mercury. To date, the proposed oxidation pathways of Hg 0 in the gas phase include the oxidation of Hg 0 by O3, H2O2, OH radical, NO3 radical and by various halogen species [14]. Table 1 lists the gas-phase oxidation reactions of Hg 0 and the reported rate coefficients.…”

Section: Chemical Redox Pathways In the Gas Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The further advancement of atmospheric Hg modeling depends on accurate kinetic data on the oxidation and reduction reactions of various mercury species in the atmosphere. However, many important processes involved in the transformation and deposition of atmospheric Hg are yet to be identified or quantified [14]. Global modeling studies also suggest that large uncertainties exist in our current knowledge of the global cycling of mercury [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury

Ariya

2018

Atmosphere

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Mercury is one of the most toxic metals and has global importance due to the biomagnification and bioaccumulation of organomercury via the aquatic food web. The physical and chemical transformations of various mercury species in the atmosphere strongly influence their composition, phase, transport characteristics and deposition rate to the ground. Modeling efforts to evaluate the mercury cycling in the environment require an accurate understanding of atmospheric mercury chemistry. We focus this article on recent studies (since 2015) on improving our understanding of the atmospheric chemistry of mercury. We discuss recent advances in (i) determining the dominant atmospheric oxidant of elemental mercury (Hg 0 ); (ii) understanding the oxidation reactions of Hg 0 by halogen atoms and by nitrate radical (NO 3 ); (iii) the aqueous reduction of oxidized mercury compounds (Hg II ); and (iv) the heterogeneous reactions of Hg on atmospherically-relevant surfaces. The need for future research to improve understanding of the fate and transformation of mercury in the atmosphere is also discussed.

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Section: Oxidation Of Hg 0 By Nomentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemical Redox Pathways In the Gas Phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury

Ariya

2018

Atmosphere

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“…It is not highly reactive or water-soluble and therefore it can be transported long distances in the atmosphere before being deposited (Lin and Pekhonen, 1999). In contrast, the more reactive and water-soluble forms, gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) and fine particulatebound mercury (PBM 2.5 ), are removed more readily through wet and dry deposition (Schroeder and Munthe, 1998;Lin and Pehkonen, 1999). As a result of this complex behavior, Hg acts as a local, regional, and global scale pollutant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Measurements of Ambient Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) at the EvK2CNR Pyramid Observatory in Nepal

Gratz

Esposito

Torre

et al. 2013

E3S Web of Conferences

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Air Contamination by Mercury, Emissions and Transformations—a Review

Gworek

Dmuchowski

Baczewska

et al. 2017

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The present and future air contamination by mercury is and will continue to be a serious risk for human health. This publication presents a review of the literature dealing with the issues related to air contamination by mercury and its transformations as well as its natural and anthropogenic emissions. The assessment of mercury emissions into the air poses serious methodological problems. It is particularly difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic emissions and re-emissions from lands and oceans, including past emissions. At present, the largest emission sources include fuel combustion, mainly that of coal, and “artisanal and small-scale gold mining” (ASGM). The distinctly highest emissions can be found in South and South-East Asia, accounting for 45% of the global emissions. The emissions of natural origin and re-emissions are estimated at 45–66% of the global emissions, with the largest part of emissions originating in the oceans. Forecasts on the future emission levels are not unambiguous; however, most forecasts do not provide for reductions in emissions. Ninety-five percent of mercury occurring in the air is Hg0—GEM, and its residence time in the air is estimated at 6 to 18 months. The residence times of its HgII—GOM and that in Hgp—TPM are estimated at hours and days. The highest mercury concentrations in the air can be found in the areas of mercury mines and those of ASGM. Since 1980 when it reached its maximum, the global background mercury concentration in the air has remained at a relatively constant level.

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Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury

Cited by 11 publications

References 143 publications

Recent Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury

Recent Advances in Atmospheric Chemistry of Mercury

First Measurements of Ambient Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) at the EvK2CNR Pyramid Observatory in Nepal

Air Contamination by Mercury, Emissions and Transformations—a Review

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