ATM and ATR signaling at a glance

Abstract

There was an error published in J. Cell Sci. 128, 4255-4262.An incorrect citation and reference was given for the last sentence in Box 2. The correct citation and reference are: A recent review provides a detailed update on ATM and ATR inhibitors, and their potential as drug targets (Weber and Ryan, 2015).Weber, A.M. and Ryan, A.J. (2015). ATM and ATR as therapeutic targets in cancer. Pharmacol Ther. 149, 124-138.The authors apologise to the readers for any confusion that this error might have caused. Although the role of both ATM and ATR in DNA repair, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis have been well studied, both still remain in the focus of current research activities owing to their role in cancer. Recent advances in the field suggest that these proteins have an additional function in maintaining cellular homeostasis under both stressed and non-stressed conditions. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we present an overview of recent advances in ATR and ATM research with emphasis on that into the modes of ATM and ATR activation, the different signaling pathways they participate in -including those that do not involve DNA damage -and highlight their relevance in cancer. 1285

The Augmented R-Loop Is a Unifying Mechanism for Myelodysplastic Syndromes Induced by High-Risk Splicing Factor Mutations

“…Interestingly, we observed impaired transcription of two genes, CLSPN and PMS2 , both of which have been implicated in DNA damage repair (Chen et al, 2005; Chini and Chen, 2004), suggesting that additional synergistic events may contribute to the induced DNA damage. In any case, the preferred activation of the ATR pathway by splicing factor mutation is in contrast to many cases in solid tumors where more severe genome instability because of DSBs leads to the activation of both the ATR and ATM pathways, which may accelerate the accumulation of additional oncogenic mutations (Awasthi et al, 2015; Cimprich and Cortez, 2008). …”

Biomarkers to identify and isolate senescent cells

“…γH2AX is a marker for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which is neither necessary for nor exclusive to cellular senescence (Chapman et al, 2012). Similar limitations exist for other DNA damage related biomarkers (Awasthi et al, 2015).…”

Nuclear autophagy: An evolutionarily conserved mechanism of nuclear degradation in the cytoplasm

“…The ATM and ATR pathways are well-known sensors of double-stranded breaks. 56 A connection among the ATM/ATR pathway, DNA repair and autophagy has been established. 55,57 ATM phosphorylates PTEN and regulates its translocation into the nucleus.…”