Atlas of United States trees. volume 1, Conifers and important hardwoods

Little, Elbert L.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.130546

Cited by 870 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…is a deciduous hardwood tree widely distributed throughout North America, with a broader geographic range than any other native tree species (Little, 1971). This tree assumes a clonal growth habit, and vegetative propagation is its primary method of reproduction.…”

Section: Biology and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Dudley

Burns

Jacobi

2015

Forest Ecology and Management

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We established 573 random roadside survey plots in stands that contained at least 50% aspen cover type. From these random plots, we found average standing aspen tree mortality ranged from 3.3 to 23.7 % on the four national forests and 11% on the east side of the continental divide and 4 % on the west side. Low elevation stands had significantly less mortality (7%) vs. high elevation (8%). The roadside plot data suggests that Colorado's aspen on these four national forests overall were healthy; mortality rates iii among aspen were fairly low (~3 -8%) among all stems, and average percent live crown among adults was high (~85 -90%), in spite of nearly ubiquitous presence of disease (~97 -99%) and high incidence of insect damage (~50 -75%).We also established 98 aspen stand assessment plots with half of the plots in damaged stands, as defined by U.S.D.A. Forest Service aerial detection surveys (ADS), and half in healthy aspen stands. Damaged stands were defined as those stands with (1) thinning crowns among at least 25% of adult aspen, (2) stands with moderate (<50% of stems) levels of overstory mortality, or (3) stands with high (>50% of stems) levels of overstory mortality. Healthy aspen stands were defined as having (1) a maximum mortality rate of 5 -7% among all aspen, and/or (2) more than 75% of adult aspen with full crowns.Adult aspen in damaged stands tended to be less vigorous, based a health score index from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating less healthy conditions (where 1=0-25% damage; 2 = 25-50% damage; 3 = >50% damage; 4 = recent dead; 5 = >5 years dead).Health scores averaged 1.7 in healthy stands, compared to 2.3 in damaged stands.Saplings in damaged stands tended to be healthier with a score of 1.7, compared to 2.2 in healthy stands. Further, there was no difference in the proportion live or total numbers of saplings per hectare between healthy and damaged stands. The prevalence of damaging organisms, such as Cytospora canker (20% in damaged, 13% in healthy), wood-boring insects (27% in damaged, 10% in healthy), and aspen bark beetles (16% in damaged, 7% in healthy) was considerably greater among damaged stands. Site conditions also influenced the prevalence of some of these damage agents: bark beetles were most common among stands at low elevations (18%, compared to 11% and 6% at moderate iv and high elevations, respectively); Cytospora canker was most common among stands on south-or west-facing aspects (20% and 19%, respectively); both aspen bark beetles and Cytospora canker were also most common among stands in the southernmost section of the survey area, the Pike-San Isabel national forest (41% and 36%). There was no difference in the severity of canker or decay fungal infection between healthy and damaged stands. Cytospora canker infestations were more severe on the Medicine Bow NF compared to the other three national forests, and Marssonina foliar blight infection appeared to be most severe on slope summits, concave sites, and sites with either no to low percent slope or moderately steep sl...

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Section: Biology and Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is a deciduous hardwood tree widely distributed throughout North America, with a broader geographic range than any other native tree species across the continent (Little, 1971). In Colorado, aspen covers approximately 1.2 million hectares, and is one of the few hardwood tree species in the state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Dudley

Burns

Jacobi

2015

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…Study site locations in the southeastern US for analyses at the regional and local scales, with the local sampling scheme. Sites span the geographic range of loblolly pine (Little 1971). Regional sites represent a diversity of environmental characteristics and cover multiple ecoregions, as characterized by the US Environmental Protection Agency's Level II ecoregional classification (US EPA 2010).…”

Section: Local Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting macronutrient concentrations from loblolly pine leaf reflectance across local and regional scales

Stein

Thomas

Lorentz

et al. 2014

GIScience & Remote Sensing

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Given the economic importance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) in the southeastern US, there is a need to establish efficient methods of detecting potential nutrient deficiencies that may limit productivity. This study evaluated the use of remote sensing for macronutrient assessment in loblolly pine. Reflectance-based models were developed at two spatial scales: (1) a natural nutrient gradient across the species' range, and (2) localized fertilization and genotype treatments in North Carolina and Virginia. Fascicles were collected regionally from 237 samples of 3 flushes at 18 sites, and locally from 72 trees with 2 fertilization treatments and 6 genotypes. Sample spectral reflectance was calculated using a spectroradiometer, and nutrient concentrations were measured with dry combustion and wet chemical digestion. Results were analyzed statistically using nutrient correlations with reflectance and common vegetation indices, and partial least squares regression (PLSR). PLSR performed well at the regional scale, with R 2 values for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium of 0. 81, 0.70, 0.68, 0.42, and 0.51, respectively. No model successfully predicted nutrients at local sites for any treatment or canopy stratum. This discrepancy implies that a large nutrient range and/or spatial scale may be necessary to model loblolly pine nutrients with spectral reflectance.

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“…Aspen communities are important to biodiversity and ecosystem function and services, as well as being economically and aesthetically valuable (Bartos, 2001;Romme et al, 2001). Furthermore, quaking aspen is the most widely distributed tree species in North America and the most widespread deciduous tree species in the Rocky Mountains (Little, 1971). Recent literature is inconclusive in its findings pertaining to the stability of aspen populations in the Rocky Mountains with conclusions ranging from declining to persistent to increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Altered Fire Regimes and the Persistence of Quaking Aspen in the Rocky Mountains: A Literature Review

Rosenblum¹

2015

OJF

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The persistence of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is of significant importance to land managers in the Rocky Mountain region. Fire suppression in the past century has been implicated as a mechanism influencing aspen population dynamics, as aspen are generally considered an early seral disturbance adapted species. The heterogeneity of aspen community assemblages and fire regimes makes it difficult to discern what the result of fire suppression has been at large spatial and temporal scales. Decision makers should investigate the questions at hand at the stand level in their study location to best determine the mechanisms at play, as well as consider future potential changes to the system.

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Atlas of United States trees. volume 1, Conifers and important hardwoods

Abstract: first 32°F. temperature in autumn. Precipitation or Rainfall. Normal annual total precipitation (inches).Climates of the United States. Normal distribution of the principal climates in the United States. Precipitation effectiveness (P-E) index.

Cited by 870 publications

References 12 publications

Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Aspen mortality in the Colorado and southern Wyoming Rocky Mountains: Extent, severity, and causal factors

Predicting macronutrient concentrations from loblolly pine leaf reflectance across local and regional scales

Altered Fire Regimes and the Persistence of Quaking Aspen in the Rocky Mountains: A Literature Review

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