Atlantoaxial subluxation after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Grisel's syndrome in otolaryngology: A systematic review

“…Sipila et al [5] 2 T Robinson and De Boer [6] 1 Pharyngoplasty Hopla et al [7] 2 First: otitis media, second: choanal atresia Boiten et al [8] 2 U R T I Sangermani et al [9] 1 T A Robertson et al [10] 1 R P A Antoniuk [11] 1 T Mathern and Batzdorf [12] 2 U R T I Eadie et al [13] 2 Pharyngoplasty Singer [14] 2 T A Litman and Perkins [15] 1 Tympanomastoidectomy& trisomy21 Prado et al [16] 1 R P A Samuel et al [17] 3 T A Baker et al [18] 2 T A Nucci et al [19] 1 Instilling eye drops& Downs syndrome Welinder et al [20] 1 R P A Onerci et al [21] 1 T A Kelly et al [22] 1 Bilateral otoplasty *Subach et al [23] 20 7 URTI, 4 TA, 4 trauma, 5 idiopathic Bedi et al [24] 1 T A Dasen [25] 1 T Brisson [26] 1 Central line placement Cunnington and Mongia [27] 1 Pharyngeal abscess Al-Jishi and Sreekantaswamy [28] 1 Primary dystonia Meek et al [29] 1 Pharyngoplasty and grommets in cleft palate case Kraft and Tschopp [30] 3 A Holcomb et al [31] 4 URTI, TA *Martinez-Lage et al [32] 4 3 trauma, 1 OM Guleryuz et al [33] 1 U R T I Gourin et al [34] 1 R P A Okada et al [35] 1 Mumps Mezue et al [36] 13 URTI Kasten et al [37] 1 U R T I Tschopp [38] 3 Monopolar electrocautery and A Ugur et al [39] 2 U R T I Lehtinen et al [40] 1 U R T I Yu et al [41] 1 T A Fernandez-Cornejo et al [42] 4 U R T I Hirth and Welkoborsky …”

Complications of Adenotonsillectomy

“… 2 Atlantoaxial stability must be verified in high‐risk groups, such as children with Down syndrome or mucopolysaccharidoses. 3,4 …”

“…2 Atlantoaxial stability must be verified in high-risk groups, such as children with Down syndrome or mucopolysaccharidoses. 3,4 The risks of general anesthesia in adenotonsillectomy are acceptably low, but essential precautions are pivotal to a successful outcome. Secretions or blood in the hypopharynx must be suctioned to minimize the risk of laryngospasm and aspiration following extubation.…”

Fatality after an Injection of Bicillin into the Tonsillar Fossa During an Adenotonsillectomy

“…Tajima et al 3 reported a case of acute pulmonary edema and bulbar paralysis in an 8-year-old boy after the infiltration of epinephrine in the right anterior palate during an adenotonsillectomy. In addition, Grisel's syndrome (atlantoaxial subluxation) has been reported after the injection of anesthetic agents through an infected tonsil; this is caused by infection of the prevertebral space, leading to instability of the anterior ligaments between the atlas and axis 5 …”