Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) display differential metabolic changes in response to infestation by the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi

Vargas‐Chacoff, Luis; Muñoz, José Luis Pedraz; Hawes, Christopher; Oyarzún, R.; Pontigo, Juan Pablo; Saravia, Julia; González, Margarita P.; Morera, Francisco J.; Labbé, B.S.; Bertrán, Carlos; Mardones, O.; Pino, Jorge A.; Wadsworth, Simón

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.07.029

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Such stress may induce a variety of physiological responses grouped broadly as primary (release of adrenal catecholamines and corticosteroids) and secondary, which include changes in energy metabolism and hydromineral balance, coupled with alterations in cardiovascular, respiratory and immune functions ( Barton, 2002 ). Both primary and secondary stress responses may then contribute to the changes in whole-animal performance (called tertiary stress responses), most likely by redirecting energy and other resources from one set of physiological processes to another, resulting for example in impaired resistance to disease and enhanced pathology during infection ( Vargas-Chacoff et al., 2016 ). Among the most common causative agents of infectious diseases in aquaculture are bacteria (54.9%), followed by viruses (22.6%), parasites (19.4%) and fungi (3.1%) ( McLoughlin and Graham, 2007 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics and immune function in fish: new insights from omics technologies

Martín

Król

2017

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

196

133

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The interplay between nutrition and immune system is well recognised, however the true integration of research between nutrition, animal energy status and immune function is still far from clear. In fish nutrition, especially for species maintained in aquaculture, formulated feeds are significantly different from the natural diet with recent changes in nutrient sources, especially with protein and oil sources now being predominated by terrestrial derived ingredients. Additionally, many feeds are now incorporated to health management and termed functional feeds, which are believed to improve fish health, reduce disease outbreaks and/or improve post-infection recovery. Using new omics technologies, including transcriptomics (microarray and RNA-seq) and proteomics, the impacts of nutrition on the immune system is becoming clearer. By using molecular pathway enrichment analysis, modules of genes can indicate how both local (intestinal) and systemic immune function are being altered. Although great progress has been made to define the changes in host immune function, understanding the interplay between fish nutrition, intestinal microbiome and immune system is only just beginning to emerge.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrigenomics and immune function in fish: new insights from omics technologies

Martín

Król

2017

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

196

133

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“…Although little is known about how these cues differ among salmon species, it is possible that host characteristics such as odour, swimming speed, body shape, and surface roughness, as well as swimming hydrodynamics (Bailey et al 2006;Mordue and Birkett 2009), could influence the reception of these cues by lice and, ultimately, attachment rates. Once sea lice have attached, host fish mount an immune response to rid themselves of infestation, and these responses vary among salmon species (Jones et al 2007;Sutherland et al 2014;Vargas-Chacoff et al 2016). Direct mortality from sea lice is unlikely at the host sizes we observed (Jones et al 2008;Sutherland et al 2011), and specifically for sockeye and C. clemensi, previous studies suggest direct morality is quite low (Jakob et al 2013;Godwin et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Differential infestation of juvenile Pacific salmon by parasitic sea lice in British Columbia, Canada

Krkošek

Hunt

Johnson

et al. 2020

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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Fraser River Pacific salmon have declined in recent decades possibly from parasitism by sea lice (Caligus clemensi and Lepeophtheirus salmonis). We describe the abundance of both louse species infesting co-migrating juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum (O. keta), and sockeye (O. nerka) salmon over five years in the Discovery Islands and Johnstone Strait, British Columbia. The generalist louse, C. clemensi, was 5-, 7-, and 39-times more abundant than the salmonid specialist, L. salmonis, on pink , chum, and sockeye salmon, respectively. Caligus clemensi abundance was higher on pinks (0.45, 95% CI: 0.38-0.55) and sockeye (0.39 95% CI: 0.33-0.47) than chum. L. salmonis abundance was highest on pinks (0.09, 95% CI = 0.06-0.15). Caligus clemensi had higher abundances in Johnstone Strait than the Discovery Islands. These results suggest differences in host specialization and transmission dynamics between louse species. Because both lice infest farmed salmon, but only C. clemensi infests Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), conservation science and management regarding lice and Fraser River salmon should further consider C. clemensi and transmission from farmed salmon and wild herring.

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“…Moreover, in our study, the evidence suggests that the energy consumption is fuelled by the amino acids that are utilized as substrates for the first step of gluconeogenesis and ATP (Kumar, Sharma, & Pandey, ; Soengas, Sangiao‐Alvarellos, Laiz, & Mancera, ; Vargas‐Chacoff, Moneva, et al, ). Similarly, an increase in the muscle enzymatic activity of GOT, GPT and GDH has been observed in S. salar and O. kisutch infested with the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi , showing that the infestation with this ectoparasite demands a high amount of energy (Vargas‐Chacoff, Muñoz, et al, ). Furthermore, an increase in GDH was observed in Dicologlossa cuneata after being injected with media and exposed to stress associated with high stocking densities (Herrera et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…For instance, in Dicologlossa cuneata after implantation with high concentrations of cortisol, an increase in the activity of PK in muscle was observed (Herrera et al, ). Moreover, in coho salmon ( O. kisutch ) and Salmo salar infested with the sea lice Caligus rogercresseyi , glucose plays an essential role to face the energetic demand produced by the parasitic infection in muscle (Vargas‐Chacoff, Muñoz, et al, ). At difference with liver, the higher activity of PK in muscle shows an increase in the glycolytic potential, thus revealing that the utilization of stored glucose in this organ as a source of energy plays an important role in fuelling the process triggered by the bacterial injection compared with the amino acid metabolism which has a key role in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To determine changes in E. maclovinus liver and muscle intermediary metabolism produced by the inoculation of LF-89 and AUSTRAL-005, the enzymatic activity was determined. Under stress conditions, an increase in the liver and muscle enzymatic activity related with the amino acid catabolism can be expected, since amino acids have an important role in metabolic functions, defense mechanisms and nutrient utilization (Halver & Hardy, 2002;Li, Mai, Trushenski, & Wu, 2009;Li, Yin, Li, Woo Kim, & Wu, 2007;Vargas-Chacoff, Muñoz, et al, 2016).…”

Section: Vargasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intermediary metabolic response and gene transcription modulation on the Sub‐Antarctic notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1930) injected with two strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis

Soto‐Dávila

Martínez

Oyarzún

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Pathogen interactions with cultured fish populations are well studied, but their effects on native fishes have not been characterized. In Chile, the disease caused by bacterial species Piscirickettsia salmonis represents one of the main issues and is considered to be one of the important pathogens in the field of aquaculture. They have been found to infect native fish. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the impact of P. salmonis on native species of local commercial value, as well as the potential impact associated with the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains of P. salmonis. Due to this purpose, the native fish Eleginops maclovinus was used in our study. Fish were randomly distributed in tanks and intraperitoneally inoculated with two strains of P. salmonis. No mortality was recorded during the experiment. Cortisol, glucose and total α‐amino acid levels increased in fish injected with AUSTRAL‐005 strain compared to sham‐injected and LF‐89‐inoculated fish. Moreover, results showed an increase in the activity of carbohydrates and lipids metabolism in liver; and an increase in the carbohydrates, lipids and total α‐amino acid metabolism in muscle after injection with AUSTRAL‐005. Our results suggest that P. salmonis modulates the physiology of E. maclovinus and the physiological impact increase in the presence of the antibiotic‐resistant strain AUSTRAL‐005.

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) display differential metabolic changes in response to infestation by the ectoparasite Caligus rogercresseyi

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Nutrigenomics and immune function in fish: new insights from omics technologies

Nutrigenomics and immune function in fish: new insights from omics technologies

Differential infestation of juvenile Pacific salmon by parasitic sea lice in British Columbia, Canada

Intermediary metabolic response and gene transcription modulation on the Sub‐Antarctic notothenioid Eleginops maclovinus (Valenciennes, 1930) injected with two strains of Piscirickettsia salmonis

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