Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) differ in their suitability as hosts for the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in northern Fennoscandian rivers

Salonen, Jouni K.; Luhta, Pirkko-Liisa; Moilanen, Eero; Oulasvirta, Panu; Turunen, Jarno; Taskinen, Jouni

doi:10.1111/fwb.12947

Cited by 28 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(118 reference statements)

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“…Thus, one conclusion of this study is that there appears to be one dominant host species for the parasitic phase of the M. margaritifera life cycle, but that the primary host varies among rivers. Similar findings have been reported from Scandinavia (Karlsson, Larsen, & Hindar, ; Larsen, Hårsaker, Bakken, & Barstad, ; Salonen et al, ). Although efforts were made to ensure that selected sites on each river had habitat for both salmon and trout juveniles, it is acknowledged that the relative abundance of each species at each site is likely to reflect local habitat type; however, for five rivers sufficient numbers of both species were collected to make meaningful comparisons between the species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An investigation of salmonid host utilization by the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in north‐west Scotland

Clements

Thomas

Adams

2018

Aquatic Conservation

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1. The complex life cycle of the globally threatened Margaritifera margaritifera includes a parasitic stage, where glochidia attach to the gills of fishes of the genus Salmo; however, the species of Salmo used appears to vary across its range. In previous literature the reported primary host in Scotland, home to a high proportion of the world's remaining M. margaritifera populations, is the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, and in its absence the brown trout Salmo trutta.2. In this study, the prevalence of infection in putative Salmo hosts in eight rivers in north-west Scotland was determined. At a selected site on each river, where both S. trutta and S. salar were collected in abundance, S. trutta was the preferred host.3. At sites where S. salar were abundant but S. trutta were at low density, however, S. salar showed a high prevalence of infection (with the exception of one river where neither S. salar nor S. trutta were infected). Thus, the primary host appears to be very site-specific in the rivers sampled.4. We speculate that this may be because M. margaritifera have population-specific responses to cues for attachment to a host. Alternatively, it may be that host population-specific immune responses mediate infections by glochidia. In addition, larger fish were less likely to be infected than smaller fish, and gills 1 and 5 were less heavily infected than gills 2-4. 5. One consequence of this finding, for both national and international conservation management of this globally endangered species, is that any current or future management activity must take into account local population host preferences, otherwise conservation efforts may be in vain.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

An investigation of salmonid host utilization by the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in north‐west Scotland

Clements

Thomas

Adams

2018

Aquatic Conservation

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“…Other studies have explored population‐specific differences of Margaritifera margaritifera and found differences in host species suitability in Fennoscandian rivers between populations in large main channels and small tributaries (Salonen et al, ). They have suggested that populations in north‐west Scotland may differ in their cues for attachment to a host (Clements, Thomas, & Adams, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive ecology of the threatened and endemic freshwater mussel Lampsilis bracteata

Seagroves

Barnhart

Hardy

et al. 2019

Aquatic Conservation

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The Texas fatmucket, Lampsilis bracteata, is a unionid mussel endemic to the Colorado and upper Guadalupe River basins of Central Texas and a candidate for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act. There is increased interest in propagation and population restoration of threatened mussels in Texas as a potential conservation method, but still little is known about their life histories and how local populations may differ in aspects of their reproductive ecology, e.g. timing of brooding and potential local adaptations to host fish. The purpose of this study was to compare host fish compatibilities and seasonality of reproduction between two populations: (a) by cross‐infesting fish from the San Saba and Llano Rivers in the Colorado River basin with sympatric and allopatric mussel larvae in the laboratory (hatchery‐produced Guadalupe bass and largemouth bass were also infested); and (b) by assessing gamete concentration, brooding period, viability of larvae and sex ratios using monthly sampling events between February 2017 and February 2018. Reproduction varied with season and between populations. The proportion of females brooding tended to be lower in the summer and the autumn, and higher during winter and spring months before peak water temperatures were reached. The sex ratio in both populations did not significantly differ from 1:1. Fecundity and larvae viability were higher in the Llano River population compared with the San Saba population. Trematode flatworms were found in several female gonad samples from the San Saba population and in a few samples from the Llano population. The highest metamorphosis success occurred on wild green sunfish and largemouth bass, and hatchery‐produced largemouth and Guadalupe bass. The average metamorphosis success tended to be higher for some mussel–fish pairings originating from the same tributary, suggesting that mussels may be locally adapted to host fish, which should be considered in conservation efforts.

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“…Therefore, an enhanced ventilation rate in fish infected with glochidia is likely to be a plausible mechanism explaining their higher vulnerability to the D. pseudospathaceum infection. In addition, June–July, when subsequent infections with D. pseudospathaceum cercariae were performed, is the period when freshwater pearl mussel glochidia detach from fish (Salonen et al., )—an event that typically damages gills as glochidial cysts rupture. This should further increase the vulnerability of fish to D. pseudospathaceum cercariae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The freshwater pearl mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera is a freshwater bivalve critically endangered through its native range (Geist, ; Lopes‐Lima et al., ). This bivalve has an obligate parasitic larval stage, the glochidium, which attaches to gills of salmonid fishes, such as Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) and brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) (Salonen, Marjomäki, & Taskinen, ; Salonen et al., ; Taeubert & Geist, ). The latter fish is the exclusive host for freshwater pearl mussel glochidia in many Central European populations (Geist, Porkka, & Kuehn, ; Taeubert & Geist, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between two parasites of brown trout (Salmo trutta): Consequences of preinfection

Gopko

Chowdhury

Taskinen

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Preinfection by one parasitic species may facilitate or by contrast hamper the subsequent penetration and/or establishment of other parasites in a host. The biology of interacting species, timing of preinfection, and dosage of subsequent parasite exposure are likely important variables in this multiparasite dynamic infection process. The increased vulnerability to subsequent infection can be an important and often overlooked factor influencing parasite virulence. We investigated how the preinfection by freshwater pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera glochidia could influence the success of subsequent infection by the common trematode Diplostomum pseudospathaceum in brown trout Salmo trutta and vice versa whether preinfection by the trematode made fish more susceptible to glochidia infection. The first experiment was repeated twice with different (low and high) exposure doses to initiate the subsequent trematode infection, while in the second experiment we varied the timing of the preinfection with trematodes. The preinfection with glochidia made fish more vulnerable to subsequent infection with trematodes. Since the trematodes penetrate through the gills, we suggest that increased host vulnerability was most likely the result of increased respiration caused by the freshwater pearl mussel glochidia encysted on gills. In turn, brown trout preinfected with trematodes were more vulnerable to the subsequent glochidial infection, but only if they were preinfected shortly before the subsequent infection (20 hr). Fish preinfected with trematodes earlier (2 weeks before the subsequent infection) did not differ in their vulnerability to glochidia. These effects were observed at moderate intensities of infections similar to those that occur in nature. Our study demonstrates how the timing and sequence of exposure to parasitic species can influence infection success in a host–multiparasite system. It indicates that the negative influence of glochidia on host fitness is likely to be underestimated and that this should be taken into consideration when organizing freshwater pearl mussel restoration procedures.

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Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) differ in their suitability as hosts for the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in northern Fennoscandian rivers

Cited by 28 publications

References 58 publications

An investigation of salmonid host utilization by the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in north‐west Scotland

An investigation of salmonid host utilization by the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) in north‐west Scotland

Reproductive ecology of the threatened and endemic freshwater mussel Lampsilis bracteata

Interactions between two parasites of brown trout (Salmo trutta): Consequences of preinfection

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