“…In contrast, the structural volume, which excludes the yolk sac, increases as the fish grow. While we did not obtain such volume estimates from the literature, the body areas fell within reported values from [11] and [6] . Our yolk volume estimate differed significantly from that given in [12] , reportedly calculated ”from the measured diameters using the formula for an ellipsoid” (the number in Table 1 , Table 2 is estimated from a plot).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…This can lead to the eye diameter being underestimated as it measures the waist of the figure-8, and a higher estimated volume as the visible parts of both eyes increase the apparent size of the eye. While this did not lead to eye diameter measurements outside the ranges reported in [6] and [11] , our eye volume estimates should be considered unreliable. Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 58%
“…Figures give the mean, plus or minus one standard deviation where available. Ours (13 dpf) [11] (14 dpf) [12] (16 dpf) [13] (20 dpf) [14] [6] (20 dpf) Egg diameter [mm] 1.36 ± 0.02 1.45 ± 0.02 1.1 – 1.4 Standard length [mm] 4.48 ± 0.36 4.8 ± 0.1 4.03 ± 0.25 4.35 ± 2-3% 4.77 ± 0.13 Body area [mm 2 ] 1.43 ± 0.14 1.42 ± 0.04 Yolk area [mm 2 ] 0.18 ± 0.05 0.08 ± 0.02 0.34 ± 0.03 Yolk volume [mm 3 ] 0.03 ± 0.017 0.5 Eye diameter [μm] 286 ± 4 284 ± 12 315 ± 15 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Solberg and Tilseth [13] report hatching between 17 and 19 dpf in eggs reared at 5 °C, with a standard length of around 4.35 mm (estimated from plot) ± 2-3% (reported) at 20 dpf. Hansen et al [11] give measurements for cod larvae in their control group at 14 days post fertilisation, and report an SL of 4.8 ± 0.1. The fish were maintained at a lower temperature (8.5 °C rather than our 9–10 °C), which will cause some difference in their rate of development.…”
“…In contrast, the structural volume, which excludes the yolk sac, increases as the fish grow. While we did not obtain such volume estimates from the literature, the body areas fell within reported values from [11] and [6] . Our yolk volume estimate differed significantly from that given in [12] , reportedly calculated ”from the measured diameters using the formula for an ellipsoid” (the number in Table 1 , Table 2 is estimated from a plot).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…This can lead to the eye diameter being underestimated as it measures the waist of the figure-8, and a higher estimated volume as the visible parts of both eyes increase the apparent size of the eye. While this did not lead to eye diameter measurements outside the ranges reported in [6] and [11] , our eye volume estimates should be considered unreliable. Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 58%
“…Figures give the mean, plus or minus one standard deviation where available. Ours (13 dpf) [11] (14 dpf) [12] (16 dpf) [13] (20 dpf) [14] [6] (20 dpf) Egg diameter [mm] 1.36 ± 0.02 1.45 ± 0.02 1.1 – 1.4 Standard length [mm] 4.48 ± 0.36 4.8 ± 0.1 4.03 ± 0.25 4.35 ± 2-3% 4.77 ± 0.13 Body area [mm 2 ] 1.43 ± 0.14 1.42 ± 0.04 Yolk area [mm 2 ] 0.18 ± 0.05 0.08 ± 0.02 0.34 ± 0.03 Yolk volume [mm 3 ] 0.03 ± 0.017 0.5 Eye diameter [μm] 286 ± 4 284 ± 12 315 ± 15 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Solberg and Tilseth [13] report hatching between 17 and 19 dpf in eggs reared at 5 °C, with a standard length of around 4.35 mm (estimated from plot) ± 2-3% (reported) at 20 dpf. Hansen et al [11] give measurements for cod larvae in their control group at 14 days post fertilisation, and report an SL of 4.8 ± 0.1. The fish were maintained at a lower temperature (8.5 °C rather than our 9–10 °C), which will cause some difference in their rate of development.…”
“…The test procedure used in this study was adapted from OECD Test No. 236: Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) which uses zebrafish (Danio rerio) as test species (OECD, 2013), and the adapted method for North Atlantic cod is described in detail in Hansen et al (2021a). Cod eggs are comparable to zebrafish eggs in size, but in contrast, cod eggs have a lower density (pelagic eggs) and develop at lower temperature and over a longer period from fertilization to hatch (80-120 degree days, d°).…”
Section: Toxicity Testing Using Early Life Stages Of Atlantic Cod Gad...mentioning
Para chloro aniline (PCA) is a common toxic pollutant found in pharmaceutical wastewater. Our study suggests a novel PCA treatment method based on a heterogeneous advanced oxidation process (AOP) that proceeds in an electron exchange matrix (EEM) prepared by the incorporation of redox‐active specie in silica matrices using the sol‐gel synthesis route. The results, which are supported by DFT calculations, show that the silicon skeleton of the EEM has two important roles, both as a porous matrix that hosts the redox species and as an oxidant species involved in the AOP. The calculations indicate that the formation of a radical on the nitrogen is favored. The suggested mechanism could shed light on the AOP, which proceeds in a heterogenous system, and on its application inside the understudied EEMs that, until now, have been a virtual black box.A better understanding of the mechanism could lead to improved control over the heterogeneous processes that can play a critical role in industries with the need to treat small amounts of toxic compounds at low concentrations, such as in the pharmaceutical industry.
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