Atividades Experimentais Nos Anos Iniciais Do Ensino Fundamental: Análise Em Um Contexto Com Estudante Cego

Abstract

RESUMO: A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar limites e potencialidades de uma proposta de experimentação para o ensino e aprendizagem em Ciências da Natureza em uma turma do 3º ano do ensino fundamental formada por videntes e um aluno cego. A proposta foi fundamentada em discussões da literatura. As fontes de informações para análise qualitativa foram videogravações das aulas e registros escritos dos alunos. No exame das informações, orientado pelos procedimentos da Análise Textual Discursiva, identificaram-se potencialidades à aprendizagem do trabalho em grupo e à explicitação dos conhecimentos discentes sobre os assuntos em estudo. Houve limites no questionamento dos conhecimentos iniciais, no favorecimento de reflexões diante das observações, na participação do estudante cego nos procedimentos experimentais e na promoção de debates. Palavras-chave: Experimentação. Cegos e videntes. Ensino de ciências da natureza. ACTIVIDADES EXPERIMENTALES EN LOS AÑOS INICIALES DE LA ENSEÑANZA ELEMENTAL: ANÁLISIS EN UN CONTEXTO CON ESTUDIANTE CIEGO RESUMEN:La investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar los límites y las potencialidades de una propuesta de experimentación para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en Ciencias de la Naturaleza en una clase del 3º año de la enseñanza elemental formada por videntes y un alumno ciego. Se fundamentó la propuesta en discusiones de la literatura. Las fuentes de información para el análisis cualitativo fueron videograbaciones y apuntes de los alumnos. En el examen de las informaciones, orientado por los procedimientos del Análisis Textual Discursivo, se identificaron potencialidades al aprendizaje del trabajo en grupo y a la explicación de los conocimientos discentes acerca de asuntos en estudio. Hubo límites en el cuestionamiento de los conocimientos iniciales, en el favorecimiento de reflexiones ante las observaciones, en la participación del estudiante ciego en los procedimientos experimentales y en la promoción de debates. Palabras clave: Experimentación. Ciego y videntes. Enseñanza de Ciencias de la Naturaleza.

Interactions in a Group with One Blind and Three Sighted Students in a Chemistry Experimental Activity and the Possible Relationships with Students’ Conceptions of Blindness

“…Ana also highlights the contribution of social interaction, which is not restricted only to her but also to those who share those moments with the student, in accordance with the discussion by Biagini and Gonçalves (2017).…”

“…Given the scarcity of works in the literature that confront problems such as those mentioned above, Biagini and Gonçalves (2017) developed experimental activities for the participation of blind and sighted people. The authors analyzed the potential of the experimental activities carried out and highlighted the importance of certain characteristics: appreciation of the students' prior knowledge, students' specificities, work in small groups, and social interactions associated with this work.…”

“…According to previous discussions, we relied mainly on the methodological proposal of experimental activity by Biagini and Gonçalves (2017) and on the contributions of a "pilot study" (3 classes) to construct a proposal for an experimental activity that was carried out in a class with 35 students from the 8 th grade of an elementary public Brazilian school. First, we searched for schools that had blind students enrolled, who, together with their guardians, accepted to participate in the activity.…”

“…As part of this stage, already distributed in small groups formed spontaneously and consisting of four members, the students were encouraged to discuss and prepare one or more answers that represented the group without necessarily showing a consensus among the participants. We sought to problematize the presented knowledge so that students could recognize their limitations and study other knowledge needed to understand the proposed situation (Biagini & Gonçalves, 2017). In the second stage, experimental procedures were carried out, encouraging group participation and discussion, with teacher mediation.…”

“…We can add to this problem the difficulties in teaching blind people, especially in experimental activities (Camargo, Santos, Nardi, & Veraszto, 2007). In this way, Biagini and Gonçalves (2017) planned and developed experimental activities for that target audience, based on different references, among which those that value work in small groups. For the authors, this type of work constitutes a fruitful way of fomenting attitudinal learning (respect, cooperation, and solidarity), essential in the interaction between students, especially when considering blind students.…”