Atividade Pesqueira E Construção De Embarcações Na Colônia De Pescadores Z-18 Do Município De União/Pi, Brasil

Abstract

RESUMONa comunidade de pescadores Z-18, do município de União/PI, evidencia-se uma importância cultural de sobrevivência através do uso dos recursos naturais locais. Dados etnobiológicos a respeito das artes e estratégias de pesca e técnicas na construção e reparo de canoas foram revelados após a aplicação de entrevistas semiestrururadas, observação direta, registro fotográfico e análise quantitativa dos dados. Homens e mulheres participam diretamente da pesca, utilizando-se de oito artefatos, destacando-se o engancho. Foram apontadas 10 espécies de peixes raras e 15 espécies comuns.Quanto à distribuição do conhecimento etnozoológico por gênero, não houve diferenças significativas, por faixa etária, apenas os jovens possuem menos conhecimento do que adultos e idosos, estes, não diferem significativamente. Quatro espécies vegetais são utilizadas na fabricação e reparo das canoas. Homens e mulheres participam diretamente da pesca (55%) e (45%) respectivamente. Os pescadores possuem um amplo conhecimento em relação à atividade pesqueira, sendo esta transmitida de geração a geração. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Etnobotânica; Etnozoologia; Canoas; Pesca Artesanal; Produto Pescado. FISHING ACTIVITY AND CONSTRUCTION OF CRAFT IN COLONY OF FISHERMEN Z-18 IN UNIÃO/PI, BRAZIL ABSTRACTThis study shows the cultural importance of survival through the use of natural resources in the Z-18 fishing community, of the municipality of União/PI. Ethnobiological data on fishing tackle, strategies and techniques used to build and repair canoes was uncovered through semi-structured interviews, direct observation, photographic record and quantitative data analysis. Both men and women take part in fishing, using eight different items of fishing tackle, the most prominent of these being the hook. As to the distribution of ethnozoological knowledge by gender there was no significant difference, while by age group, only young people have less knowledge then adults and elderly people, while the later are not significantly different. Four species of plant are used to build and repair canoes. The fishermen show extensive knowledge regarding fishing, which is passed on from generation to generation.

Atividade pesqueira e conhecimento etnoictiológico na comunidade de pescadores artesanais de Miguel Alves/PI, Brasil

“…Age and time in the trade of fishermen were weakly correlated with the number of cited fish species, which is in agreement with studies by SANTOS et al (2015) of traditional fishing communities in União, Piauí, in which the correlation between age and number of cited species was moderately correlated (r=-0.62), but insignificant.…”

“…Fisherwomen are thus not only involved in housekeeping but also in generating income for families. GARCEZ and SÁNCHEZ-BOTERO (2005) found that in Rio Grande do Sul non-professionalized women play several different roles in fishing activities, such as preparing catch before sale; This is commonly observed in many other traditional fishing communities in Brazil: Amazonas (SILVA et al, 2014), Paraná (PÉREZ and GOMÉZ, 2014) Pernambuco (SANTOS, 2016), Rio Grande do Norte (MAIA and NETO, 2012;KNOX and FIRME, 2016); Rio Grande do Sul (ROSÁRIO, 2010), Piauí (SOUSA, 2010;AMORIM, 2010;NASCIMENTO, 2014;SANTOS et al, 2015). It is interesting to note that until the mid 80s fishing was an exclusively male activity (MOTTA-MAUÉS, 1993).…”

“…Most fishermen in the community (45.90%) considered the best time for fishing to be during the day, not only for safety reasons but also due to the larger quantity and wider variety of catch available. Traditional fishermen in União, Piauí preferred night-time (41,33%) to avoid the health risks associated with sun exposure (SANTOS et al, 2015). Further south in Tramandaí, Rio Grande do Sul, traditional fishermen prefer to start fishing between 6-7 pm, with fishing outing/trip lasting on average 6.6 hours (SILVA-GONÇALVES and D'INCAO, 2016).…”

“…The types of fishing tackle and use proportions observed in this fishing community are similar to those reported in previous studies. SANTOS et al (2015) found that in União, Piauí different types of tackle is used to catch different types of fish; gill nets (91.33%), fishing rods (60.67%) and throw nets (42.67%) were the types of tackle most used; these instruments were crafted by 13.3% of the fishermen in the colony. AMORIM (2010) found that in the Poti River estuary, nets are the most common type of tackle in use (91%), specifically gill nets (54%) and throw nets (37%).…”

Fishermen do more than fish: local ecological knowledge of raftsmen about the arboreal species used to construct rafts (Bahia, Brazil)

“…Raft fishing and building techniques were learned from the life experiences of older fishermen without any kinship required. The way that knowledge is transmitted between the interviewed fishermen is different compared to other artisanal fishing communities, where knowledge is transmitted throughout the family circle [18, 46, 47]. The knowledge shared between the raftsmen is associated with the number of raftsmen building the rafts.…”