Athletic injury to the cervical nerve roots and brachial plexus

Reilly, Philip J.; Torg, Joseph S.

doi:10.1016/s1060-1872(10)80018-8

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The lesion is principally thought to occur at either the upper trunk 1,8,15 or division (A. Dossett et al, unpublished data, 1995) levels of the brachial plexus, or at the root level. 11,12,14,16 Three chief mechanisms of injury have been proposed 15 : nerve root compression in the neural foramen (that is, extension-compression, or "root," injuries), brachial plexus stretch (that is, traction, or plexus, injuries), and a direct blow to the plexus.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Extension-compression burners occur in more mature athletic populations (collegiate and professional). 7,12,16 They are generally associated with radiologic evidence of cervical disk disease. On examination, neck pain is frequently seen, as is a positive Spurling's test, 12,16 which evokes foraminal constriction and often reproduces the athlete's pain.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…7,12,16 They are generally associated with radiologic evidence of cervical disk disease. On examination, neck pain is frequently seen, as is a positive Spurling's test, 12,16 which evokes foraminal constriction and often reproduces the athlete's pain. 12 Brachial plexus stretch injuries occur if the head is knocked away from the symptomatic side with concomitant ipsilateral shoulder depression.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…On examination, neck pain is frequently seen, as is a positive Spurling's test, 12,16 which evokes foraminal constriction and often reproduces the athlete's pain. 12 Brachial plexus stretch injuries occur if the head is knocked away from the symptomatic side with concomitant ipsilateral shoulder depression. These injuries occur more commonly in younger (scholastic) athletes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Examination of these athletes reveals that neck pain is usually not a prominent feature and that a Spurling's test is negative. 12 In 1992, Galinat et al (unpublished data) reported that National Football League draftees with a history of burners have been shown to demonstrate smaller cervical canal ratios (as measured by the method of Pavlov et al 10 ) than draftees without such a history. Because the Pavlov ratio ( Fig.…”

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Association of Burners with Cervical Canal and Foraminal Stenosis

et al. 2000

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the burner phenomenon is associated with cervical canal and foraminal stenosis in a scholastic population. Lateral cervical radiographs were reviewed for 64 athletes, 15 to 18 years of age, who had sustained at least one burner. Controls consisted of age-matched athletes who had sustained head or neck trauma without evidence of the burner phenomenon (N = 32). Pavlov ratios were calculated for levels C-3 through C-6; both mean minimum and mean average ratios were determined. Available oblique radiographs from both the study (N = 31) and control (N = 15) groups were then used to calculate the foramen/vertebral body ratio--a measure of relative foraminal height. Significant differences were found between the burner and control groups for the mean minimum and mean average Pavlov ratios and foramen/vertebral body ratios. Scholastic athletes sustaining the burner phenomenon have an increased risk of cervical canal and foraminal stenosis as measured by the Pavlov and foramen/vertebral body ratios, respectively. The foramen/vertebral body ratio is an easily reproducible and reliable means of assessing foraminal dimensions from oblique radiographs and controls for x-ray magnification and rotation. Foraminal stenosis assessment may prove useful in predicting burner risk, especially in athletes with extension-compression injuries.

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confidence: 99%