Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: how should we do?

Abstract

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a common form of renal vascular disease and progressive disease. It could lead to resistant hypertension and renal insufficiency. It is almost associated with ischemic nephropathy with progressive decline in renal function and cardiac complications including flash pulmonary edema. The presence of ARAS is also associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death. Common therapeutic strategies for ARAS include medical therapy and angioplasty with stenting.

Running Medical Education System and its Development in China

“…With the growing demand for medical care, China has incorporated the medical humanities into its curriculum in addition to emphasizing the development of professional skills for medical students [14,15]. Medical humanities belong to interdisciplinary education, which includes disciplines such as philosophy, sociology, political theory and pedagogy.…”

Evaluating Short-Term and Long-Term Risks Associated with Renal Artery Stenosis Position and Severity: A Hemodynamic Study

“…Clinically, treatment is often determined according to the severity of RAS patients. The degree of stenosis diagnosed using angiography is often used to describe the severity of RAS, often distinguished by a 50% stenosis severity [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. In cases of mild renal artery disease with a stenosis severity of less than 50%, conservative medical treatment is often sufficient, primarily focusing on hypertension control [ 15 ].…”

“…Nevertheless, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding the necessity of emergency intervention for patients with moderate RAS (50–70%) as determined using angiography. Hemodynamic severity seems to be a key factor in judging whether surgical intervention is needed [ 13 , 15 , 16 ]. For instance, clinicians can invasively measure a patient’s renal flow reserve fraction (FFR).…”