Atherosclerosis is an Inflammatory Disorder After All

Meng, Charles Q.

doi:10.2174/156802606775270260

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…With the involvement of inflammation in all stages of atherosclerosis, accumulating evidence has led to the conclusion that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease [1]. During the inflammatory process, the activation of endothelium by pro-inflammatory cytokines is the key step and is directly responsible for the recruitment of the circulating leukocytes and their infiltration into the inflamed tissue, a process mediated by the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion cascade [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin reduces VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide

Yang

Huang

et al. 2012

Inflamm. Res.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simvastatin reduces VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide

Yang

Huang

et al. 2012

Inflamm. Res.

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“…These factors majorly contain eicosanoids (structurally similar paracrine hormones produced along the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway) which include the prostaglandins, the leukotrienes (LT), and the lipoxins [2]. The LT are a group of lipid mediators associated with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases particularly asthma, rhinitis, and atherosclerosis [3]–[5]. Biosynthesis of LT promotes the phosphorylation and membrane translocation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) which are the major enzymes in AA pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study and Hybrid Pharmacophore Model Development in Human LTA4H Inhibitor Design

Thangapandian¹,

Strouboulis²,

Arooj³

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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Human leukotriene A4 hydrolase (hLTA4H) is a bi-functional enzyme catalyzes the hydrolase and aminopeptidase functions upon the fatty acid and peptide substrates, respectively, utilizing the same but overlapping binding site. Particularly the hydrolase function of this enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the leukotriene (LT) cascade that converts the LTA4 to LTB4. This product is a potent pro-inflammatory activator of inflammatory responses and thus blocking this conversion provides a valuable means to design anti-inflammatory agents. Four structurally very similar chemical compounds with highly different inhibitory profile towards the hydrolase function of hLTA4H were selected from the literature. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the complexes of hLTA4H with these inhibitors were performed and the results have provided valuable information explaining the reasons for the differences in their biological activities. Binding mode analysis revealed that the additional thiophene moiety of most active inhibitor helps the pyrrolidine moiety to interact the most important R563 and K565 residues. The hLTA4H complexes with the most active compound and substrate were utilized in the development of hybrid pharmacophore models. These developed pharmacophore models were used in screening chemical databases in order to identify lead candidates to design potent hLTA4H inhibitors. Final evaluation based on molecular docking and electronic parameters has identified three compounds of diverse chemical scaffolds as potential leads to be used in novel and potent hLTA4H inhibitor design.

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“…The precise triggering of the inflammatory response is unknown. However, activated neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and increased proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, CRP, and TNFa are involved in the pathophysiology of CVD (Meng et al 2006).…”

Section: Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: excess iron is related to central adiposity but not to oxidative stress

Deardorff

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inviting me to be a graduate research assistant on this project. Her many hours of teaching and assistance have made this research experience unforgettable and very enjoyable. She has inspired me to continue my nutrition career with a researcher's mindset. I would like to thank my committee members, Drs. D. Lee Alekel and Kenneth Koehler, for their expertise and contribution to my thesis work. I would like to thank Dr. Alekel for the opportunity to work on a NIH-funded clinical trial which has prepared me for my future career goals. Dr. Koehler has been a valuable resource in regards to the statistical analysis. In addition, our statistician, Ulrike Genschel, should also be recognized for her many hours of analysis of the data. The American Heart Association and the National Institutes of Health are appreciated for their financial support of the study. I would like to especially thank other researchers who were vital to the completion of our study including Jeanne Stewart, Dr. Kathy Hanson, and Laura Hanson for their contribution. My fellow graduate and undergraduate students who helped with subject testing, data collection, and sample analysis are very appreciated for their hard work and dedication. Lastly, I would like to thank the subjects for their participation in our study. adiposity. Multiple regression analysis revealed age, LDL cholesterol, and AGF ratio were contributors to the overall variance (R2=34%; P<0.0001) in oxLDL, whereas oxLDL, time since menopause, fIOMA, HD~L cholesterol, PGF2a, and SF contributed to the overall variance (R2=33%; P<_0.0001) in AGF ratio. Conclusion: Iron excess was positively associated with central adiposity, possibly mediating insulin resistance in these postmenopausal women, but not related to increased oxidative stress. Maintaining a favorable lipid prof le, antioxidant and iron status, as well as minimal central adiposity, may protect postmenopausal women from chronic disease.

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Atherosclerosis is an Inflammatory Disorder After All

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Simvastatin reduces VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide

Simvastatin reduces VCAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study and Hybrid Pharmacophore Model Development in Human LTA4H Inhibitor Design

Cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women: excess iron is related to central adiposity but not to oxidative stress

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