Atherosclerosis, biomarkers of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia, involving progressive deterioration of neuronal networks. Although the pathophysiological mechanism of AD is not fully elucidated, apart from β-amyloid and tau protein, a diverse number of factors such as cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and lipids metabolism may play a significant role. Numerous epidemiological and laboratory studies support vascular injury and inflammation, as key pathological processes. The present review is focused on cardiovascular risk factors, lipids, and circulating biomarkers of inflammation, discussing them as independent mechanisms converging to the same final pathogenetic cascade of AD.

Hyperuricemia and dementia – a case-control study

“…The covariates were selected based on existing evidence and previous publications on the topic of dementia risk and gout diagnoses [18, 20–22]. We considered comorbidity as present if it was reported in at least one quarter during the observation time, and in at least two quarters during the study time.…”

Therapeutic properties of the new phytochemical osmotin for preventing atherosclerosis

“…The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease involves characteristics such as amyloid-β deposition, tau phosphorylation, and apoptotic neurodegeneration [61] . The risk factors of Alzheimer's disease are known to be inflammation, lipid metabolism (Apoe), and atherosclerosis [61][62][63] . A clinical prospective study has shown that atherosclerosis in carotid arteries leads to the progression of Alzheimer's disease [64] .…”

A Review and Hypothesized Model of the Mechanisms That Underpin the Relationship Between Inflammation and Cognition in the Elderly

“…Serum levels of homocysteine has an associated with atherosclerosis and can damage blood vessels. Crucially, AD disease data have demonstrated that higher levels of homocysteine independently and strongly predict the development of dementia (Fiolaki et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2018). VD is a heterogeneous group of brain disorders in which cognitive decline is attributable to cerebrovascular pathologies, and includes a large component of dementia prevalence (Gorelick et al, 2011; Iadecola, 2013).…”