Atherosclerosis as a risk factor for benign prostatic hyperplasia

Abstract

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relationship between clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and atherosclerosis, using colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) and symptom scores. PATIENTS, SUBJECTS AND METHODS CDUS was used to evaluate prostatic vascularity in four groups of men, comprising young healthy subjects, patients presenting with coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus, or peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). Resistive index (RI) measurements and computer‐assisted quantification of colour pixel density (CPD) were used to objectively evaluate perfusion. The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function were used to quantify symptoms. RESULTS In diabetic patients and men with PAOD, perfusion of the transition zone (TZ) of the prostate was significantly lower (P < 0.001) and the RI of the TZ was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in healthy controls and men with CAD. In diabetics and men with PAOD, the mean prostate volume was greater than in healthy controls and men with CAD. The IPSS in patients with vascular damage (diabetes, PAOD) was significantly worse than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The significantly lower CPD and higher RI values of the TZ in patients with vascular disease than in healthy subjects support the hypothesis that an age‐related impairment of blood supply to the prostate has a key role in the development of BPH.

Hypoxia increases normal prostate epithelial cell resistance to receptor‐mediated apoptosis via AKT activation

“…6 Additionally, men with clinical cardiovascular disease/atherosclerosis or hypertension are at an increased risk for BPH development. 7 Damage to the vascular region of the prostatic transitional zone has shown an association with BPH in men with diabetes mellitus type II. 8 Advancing age is also associated with prostatic tissue remodelling, although this phenomenon has been reviewed mostly in BPH.…”

The effect of α-blocker therapy on erectile functions in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostate hyperplasia

“…In addition, McVary [11] has proposed four leading theories supporting biological plausibility that currently exist, namely, the nitric oxide synthase/NO theory; the autonomic hyperactivity and metabolic syndrome hypothesis; the Rho-kinase activation/endothelin pathway; and pelvic atherosclerosis. Berger et al [12] supported one of these theories that showed the relationship between an age-related impairment of blood supply to the lower urinary tract and pathogenesis of BPH. Although we did not evaluate ED patients for pelvic and penile vascular structures, there might be more severe vascular damage in patients with BPH and ED than without ED.…”

“…ED was diagnosed according to IIEF when total of IIEF-EF domain scores were < 26 points. The scoring of the IIEF-EF domain allowed classification of each patient as having no (26-30), mild (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), moderate (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16) or severe (1-10) ED. Adverse events were assessed at the end of the treatment course.…”

Assessment of Relationship Between Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Using Epicardial Fat Thickness and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness

“…Hammarsten ve arkadaşları, AÜSS olan BPH hastalarında yaptıkları bir çalışmada diyabetik hastalarda olmayanlara göre daha hızlı yıllık prostat büyüme hızı olduğunu göstermişlerdir (9) . Koroner ve periferik arter hastalığının BPH ve AÜSS ile ilişkili olduğu birçok çalışmada gös-terilmiştir (4,5) . Robert ve arkadaşları, transüretral rezeksion veya açık prostatektomiden elde edilen prostat dokularında yaptıkları bir çalışmada, BPH hastalarında prostat dokusunda artmış makrofaj ve T-lenfosit infiltrasyonu olduğunu göstermişlerdir (10) .…”