Atherosclerosis and ω-3 fatty acids in the populations of a fishing village and a farming village in Japan

Yamada, Takayasu; Strong, Jack P.; Ishii, Toshiharu; Ueno, Tomio; Koyama, Mamoru; Wagayama, Hidetaka; Shimizu, Atsuya; Sakai, Takahisa; Malcom, Gray T.; Guzmán, Miguel A.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00431-7

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Yamada et al found no significant difference in CFPWV between 261 inhabitants of a Japanese fishing village (with high fish consumption) and 209 inhabitants of a farming village (with low fish consumption), 34 whereas in two other smaller studies arterial compliance was better in the fishing than in the farming communities. 35,36 Schack-Nielsen et al observed no association between eating habits and radialfemoral PWV in a sample of 87 10-year-old children.…”

Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vascular Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 90%

The relation of red blood cell fatty acids with vascular stiffness, cardiac structure and left ventricular function: The Framingham Heart Study

et al. 2014

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been associated with beneficial influences on cardiovascular health. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear, and data on the relations of polyunsaturated fatty acids to subclinical disease measures such as vascular stiffness and cardiac function are sparse and inconclusive. In a large community-based cohort, we examined the relations of omega-3 and other fatty acids to a comprehensive panel of vascular function measures (assessing microvascular function and large artery stiffness), cardiac structure and left ventricular function. Red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid composition, a measure of long-term fatty acid intake, was assessed in participants of the Framingham Offspring Study and Omni cohorts and related to tonometry-derived measures of vascular stiffness and to a panel of echocardiographic traits using partial correlations. Up to n=3055 individuals (56% women, mean age 66 years) were available for analyses. In age-and sex-adjusted models, higher RBC omega-3 content was moderately associated (p≤0.002) with several measures of vascular stiffness and function in a protective direction. However, after multivariable adjustment, only an association of higher RBC omega-3 content with lower carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (a measure of aortic stiffness) remained significant (r = -0.06, p=0.002). In secondary analyses, higher linoleic acid, the major nutritional omega-6 fatty acid, was associated with smaller left atrial size, even after multivariable adjustment (r = -0.064, p<0.001). In conclusion, in our cross-sectional community-based study, we found several associations consistent with the notion of protective effects of omega-3 and linoleic acid. The clinical significance of these modest associations remains to be elucidated.

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Section: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vascular Stiffnessmentioning

confidence: 90%

The relation of red blood cell fatty acids with vascular stiffness, cardiac structure and left ventricular function: The Framingham Heart Study

et al. 2014

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“…In 1994, Yamada et al examined Japanese middle-aged farmers from the village, Haze, and fishermen from the village, Kamishima. 18 The average fish consumption was 100 g/day in the farming village and almost twice as high in the fishing village. In that study, the Intima Media Thickness and the number of plaques were much lower in the fishermen compared with the farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In that study, the Intima Media Thickness and the number of plaques were much lower in the fishermen compared with the farmers. 18 The most likely explanation for the differences in these measures of atherosclerosis is the difference in fish consumption between farmers and fishermen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12, 13 In Japan several studies have been carried out comparing farming and fishing villages. 14- 18 These studies showed that the average level of fish consumption in farming villages was approximately 100 g/day, whereas it was 200-250 g/day in fishing villages. The levels of n-3 fatty acids in blood were higher and platelet aggregation, pulse wave velocity, an indicator of atherosclerosis, and Intima Media Thickness were more favorable in people from the fishing villages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The levels of n-3 fatty acids in blood were higher and platelet aggregation, pulse wave velocity, an indicator of atherosclerosis, and Intima Media Thickness were more favorable in people from the fishing villages. 14- 18 In the present study, we investigated whether the strength of the well-known graded association between BP and longterm risk of stroke and total CVD mortality differed between a farming and a fishing community. We examined this re-1891 BP and CVD in Japanese Farmers and Fishermen search question in 2 Japanese cohorts of the Seven Countries Study.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Systolic Blood Pressure Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in a Farming but Not in a Fishing Community - A 40-Year Follow up of the Japanese Cohorts of the Seven Countries Study -

Hirai

Geleijnse

Adachi

et al. 2011

Circ J

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Background: Blood pressure (BP) is a strong determinant of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The strength of this association in 2 Japanese communities with different intakes of fish was investigated. Methods and Results:The analysis was carried out in the Japanese cohorts of the Seven Countries Study (Tanushimaru and Ushibuka), which were followed for 40 years. We included 1,006 subjects for whom data on baseline BP and relevant potential confounders were available. Data were analysed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. In Tanushimaru men, the systolic BP level was strongly directly related to risk of stroke and CVD mortality, with hazard ratios (HR) of 4.42 (2.02-9.70) for stroke and 3.05 (1.73-3.25) for CVD for BP levels ≥140 mmHg compared to <120 mmHg. In Ushibuka, the HR were 1.74 (0.91-3.32) for stroke mortality and 1.66 (1.01-2.75) for CVD mortality for high vs. low systolic BP. With regard to diastolic BP, the associations with stroke and CVD mortality were similar in Tanushimaru and Ushibuka subjects. Conclusions:This study showed that the well-known relationship of systolic BP with stroke and CVD mortality was more pronounced in the Japanese farming community than in the fishing community. This brings up the hypothesis that the detrimental effect of raised systolic BP could be attenuated by a high intake of fish. (Circ J 2011; 75: 1890 - 1896

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Monitoring the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation on liver steatosis and carotid intima-media thickness: a pilot study

Lacasse

Tang

Dubois

et al. 2017

Obesity Science & Practice

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SummaryPurposeTo determine the effects of omega‐3 supplementation on liver fat and carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) and to assess accuracy of ultrasound (US) for grading liver steatosis.Materials and MethodsIn this one‐way crossover pilot study, we assigned children with obesity and liver steatosis to receive 1.2 g daily of omega‐3 supplementation vs. inactive sunflower oil for 24 or 12 weeks. Liver fat content was assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and US, and common carotid IMT by US. Statistical analysis included Chi‐square, Student's t‐tests, ANOVA tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.ResultsOmega‐3 supplementation was associated with a trend towards decrease in MRS‐determined liver fat fraction (0.7% and 2.1% decrease in the 24‐week and 12‐week omega‐3 group, respectively) compared with the sunflower oil group (1.0% increase). These changes were not significant, whether assessed by MRS (P = 0.508), MRI (P = 0.508) or US (P = 0.678). Using US, the area under the ROC curves were 0.964, 0.817 and 0.783 for distinguishing inferred steatosis grades 0 vs. 1–2–3, 0–1 vs. 2–3 and 0–1–2 vs. 3, respectively, indicating good accuracy of US‐based fat grading. Omega‐3 supplementation was associated with a decrease in US‐determined IMT (0.05‐mm decrease in the 24‐week omega‐3 group. A 0.015‐mm increase was found in the 12‐week omega‐3 group, and a 0.007‐mm decrease in the sunflower oil group (P = 0.003).ConclusionOmega‐3 supplementation had no significant effect on liver fat fraction, but led to carotid IMT decrease in children with obesity and liver steatosis.

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Atherosclerosis and ω-3 fatty acids in the populations of a fishing village and a farming village in Japan

Cited by 61 publications

References 46 publications

The relation of red blood cell fatty acids with vascular stiffness, cardiac structure and left ventricular function: The Framingham Heart Study

The relation of red blood cell fatty acids with vascular stiffness, cardiac structure and left ventricular function: The Framingham Heart Study

Systolic Blood Pressure Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in a Farming but Not in a Fishing Community - A 40-Year Follow up of the Japanese Cohorts of the Seven Countries Study -

Monitoring the efficacy of omega-3 supplementation on liver steatosis and carotid intima-media thickness: a pilot study

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