Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype and Low-Density Lipoproteins Size and Subclasses in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Berneis, Kaspar; Rizzo, Manfredi; Lazzaroni, Veronica; Fruzzetti, Franca; Carmina, Enrico

doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1705

Cited by 108 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In females, changes in fat distribution coincide with the onset of ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone during puberty (15)(16)(17)(18)(19) and with cessation of hormone production during menopause (20)(21)(22). Marked changes in female lipid metabolism occur during pregnancy (23,24) and in reproductive disorders accompanied with hormonal changes (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Saleh¹,

Al-Khanbashi²,

Al-Maarof³

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: The menstrual cycle represents a continuous state of change in terms of female sex steroid environment. Progesterone is linked to increased fat storage while estrogen exerts anti-lipogenic effects. This study investigated variations in the potent lipogenic factor acylation-stimulating protein (ASP), and examined its association with hormonal and lipid profile alterations across the menstrual cycle. Methods and design: Nineteen non-obese women with regular menstrual cycles were investigated in a longitudinal study during the follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases (ML) of the cycle. Fasting ASP, LH, FSH, progesterone, estradiol, insulin, lipid profile, and apoproteins were evaluated during different phases of the cycle. Results: ASP levels changed significantly throughout the menstrual cycle (K-related Friedman test: PZ0.013). Interestingly, these changes coincide with variations in progesterone levels across the cycle as no significant change in the ASP levels was seen across the follicular phases of the cycle, followed by a significant increase in the ovulatory phase, which continued to elevate toward the ML. The ASP levels correlated positively with the progesterone levels normally elevated in the ML. No significant correlation was seen between ASP and estrogen or any other measured female hormone. Multiple regression analysis including all measured parameters and body mass index showed that progesterone was the only significant predictor of the ASP levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that during the menstrual cycle of normal women, the ASP levels coincidentally fluctuate with the progesterone levels, possibly reflecting cooperation between them in fat storage enhancement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Saleh¹,

Al-Khanbashi²,

Al-Maarof³

et al. 2009

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Early investigations reported a more than twofold higher prevalence of the type B lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (52 % of patients vs. 24 % in the control group) [31]. This association was also shown in women with gestational diabetes mellitus who presented with a decreased LDL particle size when compared with normoglycemic women [32], as well as in women with another state of increased insulin resistance, the polycystic ovary syndrome [33,34]. Studies investigating insulin resistance with the hyperinsulinemic clamp technique could show that progressive insulin resistance was associated with a decrease in LDL size as a result of a marked increase in small LDL particles.…”

Section: Small Ldl Particles and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: priority as a treatment target in Type 2 diabetes?

Gerber¹,

Spinas²,

Berneis³

2012

Diabetes Management

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During the past two decades, the importance of the quality of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles -in addition to its quantity -has become of increasing interest. The risk of cardiovascular events was recognized to be closely linked to a predominance of small, dense LDL particles. In addition, in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, the disease itself and its severity (in particular the degree of insulin resistance) is associated with this subclass of LDL particles. Lipid lowering as well as antihyperglycemic drugs have been evaluated in many studies concerning their effect on LDL particle size. It has increasingly been recognized that a reduction of LDL quantity is not necessarily associated with a beneficial effect on LDL quality. Advances in the understanding of alterations in LDL quality may therefore influence the choice of the therapeutic regimen in patients with diabetes in the future. SummaryDuring the last two decades, the importance of the quality of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles -in addition to its quantity -has become of increasing interest. The risk of cardiovascular events was recognized to be closely linked to a predominance of small, dense LDL particles. In addition, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the disease itself and its severity (in particular the degree of insulin resistance) is associated with this subclass of LDL particles. Lipid lowering as well as antihyperglycemic drugs have been evaluated in many studies concerning their effect on LDL particle size. It has increasingly been recognized that a reduction of LDL quantity is not necessarily associated with a beneficial effect on LDL quality. Advances in the understanding of alterations in LDL quality may therefore influence the choice of the therapeutic regimen in patients with diabetes in the future.

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“…Dyslipidemia usually include low HDL-cholesterol levels and elevated triglyceride concentrations while increased LDL and total cholesterol have been also found but with a lower prevalence (14). Beyond plasma lipids, women with PCOS have lower LDL size due to 5 increased levels of atherogenic small, dense LDL [16][17][18] and recent studies have suggested the "quality" and not only the "quantity" of LDL is strongly associated with cardiovascular risk (19).…”

Section: Markers Of Cardiovascular Risk In Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome on cardiovascular risk

Rizzo

Berneis²,

Spinas³

et al. 2009

Fertility and Sterility

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2 CAPSULEPostmenopausal women with PCOS have increased cerebro-vascular events and cardiovascular morbidity. Our best long-term strategy is information, acknowledging women with PCOS of their risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. 3 ABSTRACTMost available data suggest that the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is smaller than what expected on the basis of the risk calculation during fertile age; therefore, we need many more studies on their long term cardiovascular consequences although evidence is accumulating that women with PCOS at postmenopausal age have an increase in cerebro-vascular events and in cardiovascular morbidity. These events are partially related to the persisting hyperandrogenism but are mostly correlated to the excessive body weight (mainly to the visceral obesity); this suggests that our best long term strategy is the information, acknowledging women with PCOS of their high risk for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

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Atherogenic Lipoprotein Phenotype and Low-Density Lipoproteins Size and Subclasses in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Abstract: Increase of type III or type IV LDL subclasses is a common finding in PCOS and represents the second most common lipid alteration after HDL-cholesterol decrease. However, in our PCOS patients, because of relatively low triglyceride levels, complete ALP is uncommon.

Cited by 108 publications

References 31 publications

Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Acylation-stimulating protein increases and correlates with increased progesterone levels during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Small dense low-density lipoprotein particles: priority as a treatment target in Type 2 diabetes?

Long-term consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome on cardiovascular risk

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