Atherogenic indices and prehypertension in obese and non-obese children

Abstract

We evaluate the relationship between different lipoproteins and atherogenic indices with pre-hypertension in 297 obese and 942 non-obese children with Tanner stage 1 enrolled in a multicentre, community-based cross-sectional study. Height, weight, fasting glucose and insulin levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), non-HDL-c, LDL/HDL-c, triglycerides/cholesterol and total cholesterol/HDL-c ratios were measured. Mean age was 8.4 ± 1.2 years; pre-hypertension was identified in 104 (8.4%) participants, 46 (15.5%) obese and 58 (6.1%) non-obese children. The pre-hypertensive non-obese children show a high proportion of family history of hypertension (41.6 and 24.7%, p = 0.002) and elevation of insulin at a relatively low body mass index. The triglycerides:HDL-c ratio, but not other lipoproteins or atherogenic indices, was associated with prehypertension in obese (1.15, 95% confidence intervals 1.06-1.26) and non-obese children (1.38 95% confidence intervals 1.22-1.57). The triglycerides:HDL-c ratio is related to pre-hypertension in children; the family history of hypertension seems to be a risk factor in developing pre-hypertension.

Male Gender, Increased Blood Viscosity, Body Mass Index and Triglyceride Levels Are Independently Associated with Systemic Relative Hypertension in Sickle Cell Anemia

“…In addition, the proportion of SCA patients having high AIP was two-fold greater in the HTN group compared to the NORM group. Our findings in SCA adults are in agreement with a recent study conducted in obese and non-obese children showing that increased AIP was associated with pre-hypertension in this population [35]. High TG level and AIP have been both identified in several cardiovascular and autoimmune inflammatory diseases [24], [36], [37], [38].…”

Normal‐weight obesity and cardiometabolic risk: A 7‐year longitudinal study in girls from prepuberty to early adulthood

“…Overall, data on children with normal‐weight obesity is sparse. There are a few reports that describe cross‐sectional data on children and adolescents with cardiometabolic risk factors and without obesity according to BMI, but body composition was not assessed in these studies; thus, it remains unclear whether these children had a low or high percent body fat . Moreover, most of the children with metabolic abnormalities had a family history of hypertension, atherogenic serum lipid profile, or type II diabetes, suggesting that family history of cardiometabolic disease is a signficant cardiovascular risk factor in nonobese children.…”

Association of Sympathovagal Imbalance With Cardiovascular Risks in Young Prehypertensives

“…12 However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted till date to assess the role of SVI in prediction of CV risks in prehypertension. As prehypertension is reported to be quite prevalent in younger age group, 1,9 in the present study, we have assessed CV and autonomic functions by HRV analysis, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) assessed by blood pressure variability (BPV) monitoring, and conventional autonomic function tests (AFT) and analyzed the link of CV risks such as inflammation, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress to SVI in young prehypertensives.…”