The present research aims to analyze publications on work stress among healthcare professionals, with emphasis on elderly professionals in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health professionals face psychological and physical pressure through continuous exposure to COVID-19, resulting in emotional suffering, overload of service and fear of contaminating themselves and their families, facing a situation that requires more attention and specific care. Thus, part of this team corresponds to elderly people emerged in stressful situations, whether in primary, secondary or tertiary care in the front line against COVID-19. Therefore, an integrative literature review was carried out, through scientific articles in Portuguese and English, searched in the Pubmed, PsycINFO, LILACS and BVS-PSI Psychology databases. The 169 scientific studies found directly in the databases were organized by the EndNote Web reference manager, and only 11 were selected based on the eligibility criteria. The results of surveys conducted in several countries showed that women had higher levels of stress than men and stress rates ranged from mild to moderate. In this context, professionals with children under 18 years old, married and with less time of experience presented higher levels of stress. It is expected that this study contributes to the promotion of actions to promote and care for the health of health workers, especially the elderly, who need more attention in the current pandemic context.