Atenção a Tuberculose Multirresistente no Brasil: aportes à organização das Redes de Atenção à Saúde e a Gestão da Clínica

Abstract

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is a serious health condition, which care involves different points of attention: Reference Center and Primary Health Care, demanding the resolute organization of the Health System, in an articulated, coordinated manner and aiming an integral care. This study aimed to analyze the organization of care for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and to build and validate a tool for Clinical Management. It is a research developed in two stages. The first one was a descriptive exploratory one, with data collected between June and November 2015, through non-participant observation in the Reference Centers of five Brazilian states (four regions), within approximately three days in each Center. It was observed the organization, patient flow, physical structure, human resources and laboratory and information systems and records, guided by a directed script built by the researchers. We used the theoretical foundations and constituent elements of the Attention Network to analyze the data. During the second phase a methodological study was developed, including the production of a "Handbook of Treatment Control", based in the efforts and needs of the Centers visited. The material was validated by twelve specialists (professionals of higher education who have worked for three years or more in the research or in the assistance to the disease), through the Delphi Technique, between October 2016 and February 2017. The descriptive results pointed to important approximations in terms of organization according to the economy scale, concentration of physical and human resources in the references, with qualified service to the high demand. It was observed difficulties for the access of the users, faced by the teams with mechanisms that facilitate it geographically and financially. Vertical / horizontal integration of services was not noted. There were redefinitions of the clinical competences of different professional categories. As for the operational structure, the communicating center was the specialized service; there is difficulty of interaction between the assistance points, marked by the absence of computerized medical records. The support system was in the process of structuring, with emphasis on SITETB, but there are difficulties in regulating the people flows. In this perspective, the validated Handbook aims to provide better integration among the professionals involved in the assistance. It was composed by three large blocks: i) general data: identification (demographic data, information on health services and clinical aspects) and registration of the appointment scheduling; ii) information to patients and their families: on the disease, treatment and home and community precautions; and iii) information to health professionals: about the disease, directly observed treatment, treatment follow-up, contact evaluation and records regarding case management. The judges suggested changes in the language used in the Handbook, and at the end of the second round all modifications were approved by 80% or mo...