At4g24160, a Soluble Acyl-Coenzyme A-Dependent Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase

Ghosh, Ananda K.; Chauhan, Neha; Rajakumari, Sona; Daum, Güenther; Rajasekharan, Ram

doi:10.1104/pp.109.144261

Cited by 68 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Arabidopsis contains many genes that could potentially have this function (Li-Beisson et al, 2013). CGI58 is one candidate, since the protein has lipase activity (Ghosh et al, 2009) and the mutant accumulates TAG in its leaves to around 0.2% of dry weight (James et al, 2010), which is higher than we detected in sdp1. The disruption of fatty acid b-oxidation also leads to TAG accumulation in leaves (Slocombe et al, 2009;James et al, 2010), but the impact on total fatty acid content appears to be small (Yang and Ohlrogge, 2009), unless the tissue is subjected to carbohydrate starvation (Kunz et al, 2009;Slocombe et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…PXA1 is a peroxisomal ATPbinding cassette transporter that is required for fatty acid import for b-oxidation (Zolman et al, 2001), and CGI58 is an enzyme that has been reported to have lipase, phospholipase, and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activities (Ghosh et al, 2009). Analysis of TAG content in pxa1-1 and cgi58-1 roots showed that both accumulated TAG, but not as much as sdp1-5 (Fig.…”

Section: Tag Accumulation In Sdp1 Roots Is Greater Than In Several Otmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these are pxa1 (peroxisomal ABC transporter1) and cgi58 (comparative gene identification-58), which are associated with lipid catabolism. PXA1 is a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter that is required for fatty acid import for b-oxidation (Zolman et al, 2001), and CGI58 is a protein that has intrinsic lipase, phospholipase, and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activities (Ghosh et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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There has been considerable interest recently in the prospect of engineering crops to produce triacylglycerol (TAG) in their vegetative tissues as a means to achieve a step change in oil yield. Here, we show that disruption of TAG hydrolysis in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) lipase mutant sugar-dependent1 (sdp1) leads to a substantial accumulation of TAG in roots and stems but comparatively much lower TAG accumulation in leaves. TAG content in sdp1 roots increases with the age of the plant and can reach more than 1% of dry weight at maturity, a 50-fold increase over the wild type. TAG accumulation in sdp1 roots requires both ACYL-COENZYME A:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (DGAT1) and PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE: DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 and can also be strongly stimulated by the provision of exogenous sugar. In transgenic plants constitutively coexpressing WRINKLED1 and DGAT1, sdp1 also doubles the accumulation of TAG in roots, stems, and leaves, with levels ranging from 5% to 8% of dry weight. Finally, provision of 3% (w/v) exogenous Suc can further boost root TAG content in these transgenic plants to 17% of dry weight. This level of TAG is similar to seed tissues in many plant species and establishes the efficacy of an engineering strategy to produce oil in vegetative tissues that involves simultaneous manipulation of carbohydrate supply, fatty acid synthesis, TAG synthesis, and also TAG breakdown.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Tag Accumulation In Sdp1 Roots Is Greater Than In Several Otmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

et al. 2013

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“…1A)] that is absent from vertebrate (humans, mice, and zebrafish) proteins. Although the plant and yeast CGI-58 proteins appear to possess detectable amounts of TAG lipase and phospholipase A activities in addition to LPAAT activity (19), the human protein does not (17,20). Two Arabidopsis lines with reported T-DNA disruptions in the first exon and intron of the CGI-58 locus (SALK_136871 and SALK_127083, respectively; both sequenced and annotated by the J. Ecker laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA) were identified (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruption of theArabidopsisCGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants

James

Horn

Case

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

124

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CGI-58 is the defective gene in the human neutral lipid storage disease called Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome. This disorder causes intracellular lipid droplets to accumulate in nonadipose tissues, such as skin and blood cells. Here, disruption of the homologous CGI-58 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the accumulation of neutral lipid droplets in mature leaves. Mass spectroscopy of isolated lipid droplets from cgi-58 loss-of-function mutants showed they contain triacylglycerols with common leaf-specific fatty acids. Leaves of mature cgi-58 plants exhibited a marked increase in absolute triacylglycerol levels, more than 10-fold higher than in wild-type plants. Lipid levels in the oil-storing seeds of cgi-58 loss-of-function plants were unchanged, and unlike mutations in β-oxidation, the cgi-58 seeds germinated and grew normally, requiring no rescue with sucrose. We conclude that the participation of CGI-58 in neutral lipid homeostasis of nonfat-storing tissues is similar, although not identical, between plant and animal species. This unique insight may have implications for designing a new generation of technologies that enhance the neutral lipid content and composition of crop plants.compartmentation | plant lipid metabolism P lants synthesize and store neutral lipids such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) primarily in cytosolic lipid droplets of maturing seeds (1, 2). In domesticated oilseeds, these stored TAGs represent a major source of calories for human and animal nutrition, an excellent feedstock for diesel fuels, and a reservoir for the deposition of industrially important fatty acids used as chemical feedstocks (3-6). Although not commonly appreciated, TAGs also are synthesized in nonseed tissues (7,8), but their abundance in these tissues is low, in part because of the metabolism of the cell and perhaps as a consequence of the continuous recycling of fatty acids for energy and membrane synthesis. Indeed, vegetative cells can incorporate radiolabeled precursors into TAG (7, 8), they express diacylglycerol acyltransferases [the only enzyme in the "Kennedy pathway" unique to TAG production (9)], and they can accumulate TAGs in β-oxidation mutants (2) and in some floral (10) and fruit (7) tissues. Thus, although plant vegetative cells appear to have the metabolic machinery to synthesize and accumulate neutral lipids, there are likely underlying regulatory mechanisms in place to minimize this process, none of which are understood.Chanarin-Dorfman syndrome is a neutral-lipid storage disease (11) caused by a defect in the protein CGI-58 (comparative gene identification-58, also called ABHD5 for α/β hydrolase-5). CGI-58 is a soluble enzyme that associates with cytosolic lipid droplets under certain metabolic conditions and appears to play a role in hydrolysis of stored lipids (11)(12)(13)(14). Several different mutations in this protein, including amino acid substitutions, premature stop codons, and defects in mRNA splicing, have been identified in various Chanarin-Dorfman patients, all of which result in a hyperac...

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“…In addition, Arabidopsis CGI58L, a member of the a/b-hydrolase family of proteins, also exhibited TAG lipase activity in addition to lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase activity (Ghosh et al, 2009). To systematically test the in vivo functions of these candidate TAG lipases in FA turnover in leaves, we performed double mutant analysis taking advantage of tgd1-1, which accumulates TAG in leaves (Fan et al, 2013a), along with T-DNA insertion mutants in SDP1 (sdp1-4), SDP1L (sdpL-2; Kelly et al, 2011), CGI58L (cgi58L;James et al, 2010), and ATGLL (atglL; Kelly et al, 2011) genes.…”

Section: Fa Turnover Involves Sdp1 and Pxa1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Lipins, PDAT1 Acyltransferase, and SDP1 Triacylglycerol Lipase Synergistically Direct Fatty Acids toward β-Oxidation, Thereby Maintaining Membrane Lipid Homeostasis

et al. 2014

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Triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism is a key aspect of intracellular lipid homeostasis in yeast and mammals, but its role in vegetative tissues of plants remains poorly defined. We previously reported that PHOSPHOLIPID:DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 (PDAT1) is crucial for diverting fatty acids (FAs) from membrane lipid synthesis to TAG and thereby protecting against FA-induced cell death in leaves. Here, we show that overexpression of PDAT1 enhances the turnover of FAs in leaf lipids. Using the trigalactosyldiacylglycerol1-1 (tgd1-1) mutant, which displays substantially enhanced PDAT1-mediated TAG synthesis, we demonstrate that disruption of SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) TAG lipase or PEROXISOMAL TRANSPORTER1 (PXA1) severely decreases FA turnover, leading to increases in leaf TAG accumulation, to 9% of dry weight, and in total leaf lipid, by 3-fold. The membrane lipid composition of tgd1-1 sdp1-4 and tgd1-1 pxa1-2 double mutants is altered, and their growth and development are compromised. We also show that two Arabidopsis thaliana lipin homologs provide most of the diacylglycerol for TAG synthesis and that loss of their functions markedly reduces TAG content, but with only minor impact on eukaryotic galactolipid synthesis. Collectively, these results show that Arabidopsis lipins, along with PDAT1 and SDP1, function synergistically in directing FAs toward peroxisomal b-oxidation via TAG intermediates, thereby maintaining membrane lipid homeostasis in leaves.

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At4g24160, a Soluble Acyl-Coenzyme A-Dependent Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase

Cited by 68 publications

References 46 publications

The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

The SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 Lipase Limits Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues of Arabidopsis

Disruption of theArabidopsisCGI-58 homologue produces Chanarin–Dorfman-like lipid droplet accumulation in plants

Arabidopsis Lipins, PDAT1 Acyltransferase, and SDP1 Triacylglycerol Lipase Synergistically Direct Fatty Acids toward β-Oxidation, Thereby Maintaining Membrane Lipid Homeostasis

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