At what age is the developing cerebral cortex of the rat comparable to that of the full-term newborn human baby?

Romijn, H.J.; Hofman, Michel A.; Gramsbergen, Albert

doi:10.1016/0378-3782(91)90044-4

Cited by 507 publications

(328 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A more recent study on the neurotransmitter GABA (gammaAminobutyric Acid) refines this time period, suggesting that PN 2-7 in rat corresponds to the human third trimester, and translating the human day of birth to rat PN 12-13 (Romijn et al, 1991). …”

Section: Vulnerability Patterns and Growth Spurtsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Extrapolating brain development from experimental species to humans

et al. 2007

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To better understand the neurotoxic effects of diverse hazards on the developing human nervous system, researchers and clinicians rely on data collected from a number of model species that develop and mature at varying rates. We review the methods commonly used to extrapolate the timing of brain development from experimental mammalian species to humans, including morphological comparisons, "rules of thumb" and "event-based" analyses. Most are unavoidably limited in range or detail, many are necessarily restricted to rat/human comparisons, and few can identify brain regions that develop at different rates. We suggest this issue is best addressed using "neuroinformatics", an analysis that combines neuroscience, evolutionary science, statistical modeling and computer science. A current use of this approach relates numeric values assigned to ten mammalian species and hundreds of empirically derived developing neural events, including specific evolutionary advances in primates. The result is an accessible, online resource (http:// www.translatingtime.net/) that can be used to equate dates in the neurodevelopmental literature across laboratory species to humans, predict neurodevelopmental events for which data are lacking in humans, and help to develop clinically relevant experimental models.

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Section: Vulnerability Patterns and Growth Spurtsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Extrapolating brain development from experimental species to humans

et al. 2007

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“…Thus, extrapolation from mouse to man may not be possible on specific days of pregnancy, but can be construed from prenatal and postnatal peaks of neurogenesis, gliogenesis and neuron/glia differentiation and migration (Susser et al 1999). The choice of postnatal days 35 and 56 in our studies are based on a large group of supportive literature (Avishai-Eliner et al 2002;Boksa et al 2003;Kaufmann, 2000;Morgane et al 2002;Romijn et al 1991;Spear, 2000;Susser et al 1999) denoting E0-E10 in rodents as equal to first trimester in humans, E11-E19 as equal to 2 nd trimester, P0-P7 as equal to third trimester (Morgane et al 2002;Stead et al 2006), P35 as equal to adolescence (Spear, 2000) and P56 as equal to early adulthood (Spear, 2000).…”

Section: Animals and Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral regulation of aquaporin 4, connexin 43, microcephalin and nucleolin

Fatemi¹,

Folsom²,

Reutiman³

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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The current study investigated whether human influenza viral infection in midpregnancy leads to alterations in proteins involved in brain development. Human influenza viral infection was administered to E9 pregnant Balb/c mice. Brains of control and virally exposed littermates were subjected to microarray analysis, SDS-PAGE and western blotting at three postnatal stages. Microarray analysis of virally-exposed mouse brains showed significant, two-fold change in expression of multiple genes in both neocortex and cerebellum when compared to sham-infected controls. Levels of mRNA and protein levels of four selected genes were examined in brains of exposed mice. Nucleolin mRNA was significantly decreased in day 0 and day 35 neocortex and significantly increased in day 35 cerebellum. Protein levels were significantly upregulated at days 35 and 56 in neocortex and at day 56 in cerebellum. Connexin 43 protein levels were significantly decreased at day 56 in neocortex. Aquaporin 4 mRNA was significantly decreased in day 0 neocortex. Aquaporin 4 protein levels decreased in neocortex significantly at day 35. Finally, microcephalin mRNA was significantly decreased in day 56 neocortex and protein levels were significantly decreased at 56 cerebellum. These data suggest that influenza viral infection in midpregnancy in mice leads to long term changes in brain markers for enhanced ribosome genesis (nucleolin), increased production of immature neurons (microcephalin), and abnormal glial-neuronal communication (connexin 43 and aquaporin 4).

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“…It has been suggested that, at approximately postnatal day 10, the brain of the rat is at the stage of rapid growth, accelerated synaptogenesis, myelinization, and astrocyte proliferation characteristic of the human newborn at term (see review by Romijn et al 1991). Thus, the model of birth insult in the rat may relate more to premature than to term human brain.…”

Section: Schizophrenia Is Associated With Increased Birth Complicatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the period of rapid division of dentate granule cells occurs by 1 month of age in the rat but by 10 days in the guinea pig (Altman and Das 1965, 1967). Also, rapid maturation of EEG activity and traces reflecting active and quiet sleep appear in the guinea pig between day 50-56 of gestation (full gestation ϭ 65-72 days), at 35-37 weeks in the human (full gestation for term infant ϭ 37-41 weeks), and between postnatal days 10-13 in the rat (full gestation ϭ 21-22 days) (Dreyfus-Brisac 1970;Jouvet-Mounier et al 1970;Gramsbergen 1976;Umans et al 1985; see reviews by Prechtl 1974;Romijn et al 1991).We hypothesized that birth complications would produce long term changes in DA mediated function in species that span the level of maturity of human brain at birth, i.e., both rat and guinea pig. In the current study, we report our new findings on the more mature species, the guinea pig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Insult Alters Dopamine-Mediated Behavior in a Precocial Species, the Guinea Pig Implications for Schizophrenia

Vaillancourt

Boksa

2000

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Schizophrenia is associated with increased birth complications, suggesting that birth complications might alter CNS dopaminergic activity later in life. In rats, Caesarean section (C-section) birth can produce long term changes in dopaminergic biochemistry and behavior. However rat brain is somewhat immature compared to human brain at birth. The current study tested if mild birth complications also alter dopamine-mediated function in a species with a more mature CNS at birth, the guinea pig. As adults, guinea pigs born by C-section showed increased amphetamine-induced locomotion and disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle, compared to vaginally born controls. Guinea pigs born by C-section withThere is considerable evidence that enhanced mesolimbic dopaminergic activity plays an important role in some of the symptomatology of schizophrenia (e.g., Laruelle et al. 1996Laruelle et al. , 1999Breier et al. 1997; AbiDargham et al. 1998; see reviews by Seeman 1992; Lieberman et al. 1997). In addition, a large number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated that perinatal complications, often involving fetal or neonatal hypoxia, are associated with increased risk for the development of schizophrenia (e.g., Geddes and Lawrie 1995;Jones et al. 1998;Dalman et al. 1999;Hultman et al. 1999;Zornberg et al. 2000; see review by McNeil 1995).Animal modelling provides the opportunity to directly test if a birth complication, such as hypoxia, can cause long term changes in dopaminergic function. Using a rat model of global hypoxia during Caesarean section (C-section) birth, several laboratories have demonstrated that dopaminergic systems are sensitive to mild birth alterations (Bjelke et al. 1991;Loidl et al. 1994;Chen et al. 1995Chen et al. , 1997 Brake et al. 1997a,b; Boksa 1997, 1998;Vaillancourt and Boksa 1998; Berger et al. 2000a). Specifically, as adults, rats born by C-section, either with or without addition of a period of global hypoxia, show increased nucleus accumbens dopamine (DA) release in response to repeated stress (Brake et al. 1997b) Vaillancourt et al. 1999), similar to the reported increased incidence of mild respiratory distress in humans born by C-section (Hales et al. 1993).In relation to the possible clinical relevance of these results, rat brain is generally believed to be somewhat less mature at birth than is the brain of the human newborn. It has been suggested that, at approximately postnatal day 10, the brain of the rat is at the stage of rapid growth, accelerated synaptogenesis, myelinization, and astrocyte proliferation characteristic of the human newborn at term (see review by Romijn et al. 1991). Thus, the model of birth insult in the rat may relate more to premature than to term human brain. To circumvent this limitation, we initiated the current studies to test if mild birth complications also alter DA mediated function in a species with a more mature CNS at birth. The guinea pig is a precocial species, that is, capable of a high degree of independent activity at birth....

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At what age is the developing cerebral cortex of the rat comparable to that of the full-term newborn human baby?

Cited by 507 publications

References 21 publications

Extrapolating brain development from experimental species to humans

Extrapolating brain development from experimental species to humans

Viral regulation of aquaporin 4, connexin 43, microcephalin and nucleolin

Birth Insult Alters Dopamine-Mediated Behavior in a Precocial Species, the Guinea Pig Implications for Schizophrenia

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