At the Heart of the Matter

Haynes, Norrisa; Cooper, Lisa A.; Albert, Michelle A.

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.120.048126

Cited by 89 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed longstanding racial and ethnic health-related disparities, largely driven by socio-economic and environmental factors [112]. COVID-19 epidemiological studies also showed sex-specific differences in incidence and fatality rates with a higher rate in males (2.8%) compared to females (1.7%) also associated with smoking [113][114][115].…”

Section: Smoking In Sex Predisposition and Racial Ethnicity In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame

Kashyap

Dhasmana

Massey

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, an infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has led to more than 771,000 deaths worldwide. Tobacco smoking is a major known risk factor for severe illness and even death from many respiratory infections. The effects of smoking on COVID-19 are currently controversial. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the effects of smoking on the clinical manifestations, disease progression, inflammatory responses, immunopathogenesis, racial ethnic disparities, and incidence of COVID-19. This review also documents future directions of smoking related research in COVID-19. The current epidemiological finding suggests that active smoking is associated with an increased severity of disease and death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Smoking can upregulate the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor utilized by SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cell and activate a ‘cytokine storm’ which can lead to worsen outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This receptor can also act as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic sheds light on a legacy of inequalities regarding gender, racial, and ethnic health disparities associated with active smoking, thus, smoking cessation may help in improving outcomes. In addition, to flatten the COVID-19 curve, staying indoors, avoiding unnecessary social contact, and bolstering the immune defense system by maintaining a healthy diet/living are highly desirable.

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Section: Smoking In Sex Predisposition and Racial Ethnicity In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame

Kashyap

Dhasmana

Massey

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…17 Data from the United Kingdom and USA has shown an increased risk of severe COVID-19 among ethnic minorities. [18][19][20] The low fatality and ICU rate of our cohort suggests that the ethnicity issue might rather be a problem of socioeconomic disparity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covid-19 in South America: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics Among 381 Patients During the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Santiago, Chile

Rodríguez

Peters

Pérez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Understanding the characteristics of the Covid-19 pandemic in different geographical regions, ethnic and socioeconomic settings are of emerging importance. This study presents the demographic and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in a large private healthcare center in Santiago, Chile, during the first month of the pandemic.Methods: We analyzed the demographics, laboratory and clinical characteristics including severity and outcome of all patients diagnosed with Covid-19 during the first month of the pandemic. SARS-2-CoV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR in nosopharyngeal samples. The primary outcome was a composite of ICU admission or all-cause, in-hospital mortality. Clinical and laboratory parameters of hospitalized patients were analyzed regarding their association with the primary outcome. Results: From March 3 to April 4, 2020, 3679 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in our hospital. Of those, 381 had Covid-19 and were included into this analysis. Most patients (99.2%) were Chileans, 12% returning from recent travel. The median age was 39 years (IQR 31-49) and 52% were female. A total of 88 patients (23.1%) were hospitalized; 18 (3.7%) required ICU and/or died. The overall mortality was 0.7%. Increased body mass index (BMI) and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were independently associated with ICU care or death.Conclusion: During the first weeks of the pandemic in Chile, most Covid-19 patients were young, with low rates of hospitalization, ICU requirement, and fatality. BMI and CRP on admission were predictors for severity. Our data provide important information on the clinical course and outcome of Covid-19 in a Latin American setting.

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“…In the COVID-NET catchment population of the USA, a higher percentage of black patients were infected (33%) compared to the percentage of overall population being black (18%) [23]. This trend has been repeated across the country and has brought into stark reality the devastating impact COVID-19 has had on communities of color [26]. While it is well known that black and Hispanic/Latino patients have a higher incidence of diabetes and hypertension, this alone does not explain the increased infected and mortality rates.…”

Section: Prevalence and Significance Of Comorbid Illnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Implications and Therapeutic Considerations in COVID-19 Infection

et al. 2020

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The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has profoundly impacted all fields of medicine. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome has multiorgan effects. The pandemic has united researchers from bench to bedside in attempts to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and define optimal treatment strategies. Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent and a leading cause of death across gender, race, and ethnic groups. As the pandemic spreads, there is increasing concern about the cardiovascular effects of the viral infection and the interaction of infection with existing cardiovascular disease. Additionally, there are concerns about the cardiac effects of the numerous treatment agents under study. It will be essential for cardiologists to understand the interplay between underlying cardiac comorbidities, acute cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 disease, and adverse effects of new treatments. Here we describe emerging evidence of the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and underlying cardiovascular disease, the evidence for direct myocardial injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection, the specific presentations of cardiovascular involvement by SARS-CoV-2, and the cardiac effects of emerging treatments.

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At the Heart of the Matter

Cited by 89 publications

References 1 publication

Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame

Smoking and COVID-19: Adding Fuel to the Flame

Covid-19 in South America: Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics Among 381 Patients During the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Santiago, Chile

Cardiovascular Implications and Therapeutic Considerations in COVID-19 Infection

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