At similar weight loss, dietary composition determines the degree of glycemic improvement in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice

Vangoitsenhoven, Roman; Ende, Miranda van der; Corbeels, Katrien; Cunha, João Paulo Monteiro Carvalho Móri da; Lannoo, Matthias; Bédossa, Pierre; Merwe, Schalk van der; Mertens, Ann; Gesquiere, Ina; Meulemans, Ann; Matthys, Christophe; Mathieu, Chantal; Overbergh, Lut; Schueren, Bart Van der

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200779

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…It is likely that CR-induced loss of body fat was a key factor promoting better glucose control irrespective of the dietary carbohydrate and fat content. In contrast to our findings, a recent CR study of C57BL/6 mice showed a smaller improvement in glucose tolerance for a high-fat diet compared with chow diet, which is high in carbohydrates, in spite of similar weight loss for both diets (27). However, macronutrients and their sources were not strictly controlled in the latter study, and the protein content differed substantially between both diets (i.e., 20% of kilocalories for high-fat diet and 33% of kilocalories for chow diet low in fat).…”

Section: Original Articlecontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The main aim of our study was to investigate whether the carbohydrate and fat content of diets affects physiological responses to CR in mice. Most of the previous studies have focused on effects of macronutrient content of diets on health and body composition in ad libitum–fed mice (19,26), and there have been only a few studies under conditions of CR (27). In agreement with recent findings on humans undergoing mild CR (28), our results show that improvements in body composition and glucose tolerance do not differ between low‐fat and low‐carbohydrate diets with similar protein content under conditions of up to 40% CR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypocaloric Low‐Carbohydrate and Low‐Fat Diets with Fixed Protein Lead to Similar Health Outcomes in Obese Mice

Minderis

Fokin

Dirmontas

et al. 2020

Obesity

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Objective: It is controversial whether low-carbohydrate diets are better suited for weight control and metabolic health than high-carbohydrate diets. This study examined whether these diets induce different improvements in body composition and glucose tolerance in obese mice during caloric restriction (CR). Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed an obesogenic diet ad libitum for 18 weeks and then subjected to 6-week progressive CR of up to 40%, using either a low-fat or low-carbohydrate diet with equal protein content. Mice fed a regular chow diet ad libitum served as controls. Body mass, hindlimb muscle mass, fat mass, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance were compared between the groups. Results: Initially low-fat and low-carbohydrate groups had similar body mass, which was 30% greater compared with controls. CR induced similar weight loss in low-fat and low-carbohydrate groups. This weight loss was mainly due to fat loss in both groups. Energy expenditure of freely moving mice did not differ between the groups. Glucose tolerance improved compared with the values before CR and in controls but did not differ between the diets. Conclusions: Dietary carbohydrate or fat content does not affect improvements in body composition and metabolic health in obese mice exposed to CR with fixed energy and protein intake.

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Section: Original Articlecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypocaloric Low‐Carbohydrate and Low‐Fat Diets with Fixed Protein Lead to Similar Health Outcomes in Obese Mice

Minderis

Fokin

Dirmontas

et al. 2020

Obesity

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“…On the other hand, a high-fat diet with caloric restriction had a positive effect on plasma adipokine levels, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, and inflammation and oxidative stress in rats [6]. Other studies also confirm that the type of diet is one of the most important factors that can influence inflammation, metabolic responses, and behavior, including dietary habits [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Influence of Maternal Diet and Intergenerational Change in Diet Type on Ovarian and Adipose Tissue Morphology in Female Rat Offspring

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: A high-fat diet causes inflammation in the organism and many metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue secretes adipokines that affect the function of many organs. The health status of the mother before and during pregnancy affects the health of the offspring. The aim of this study was to determine how the type of maternal diet and the change in the type of diet in the offspring affects the histological characteristics of the ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue in female rat offspring. Materials and Methods: Ten female rats were divided into two groups. One group was fed standard laboratory chow, and the other was fed a high-fat diet and mated with a male of the same breed. The offspring of both groups of dams were divided into four subgroups with different feeding protocols. At 22 weeks of age, the offspring were sacrificed. Ovaries and subcutaneous and perigonadal adipose tissue were isolated. In the ovaries, the presence of cystic formations was investigated. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in two types of adipose tissue. Results: The weight of the ovaries of the offspring of mothers fed a high-fat diet was significantly higher than that of the offspring of mothers fed standard laboratory diets. Cystic formations were found in the ovaries of the offspring of mothers fed a high-fat diet. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, the percentage of small-sized adipocytes was significantly higher in the offspring of mothers fed standard laboratory diets. There were no significant differences in adipocyte surface area and adipocyte number between groups. Conclusion: Maternal diet influences the morphology of the ovaries and adipose tissue of the offspring.

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“…All three diets promoted improvements in glucose tolerance during caloric restriction compared to obese controls, but low-carbohydrate diet tended to have a smaller effect compared to the other diets. Impaired glucose tolerance with low-carbohydrate and/or ketogenic diets was linked to reduced α- and β-cell mass leading to decrease in insulin synthesis and secretion in rodents [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Humans adapted to low-carb-high-fat diet had lower skeletal muscle GLUT4 and IRS1 contents which was linked to reduced their glucose tolerance [ 45 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caloric Restriction per se Rather Than Dietary Macronutrient Distribution Plays a Primary Role in Metabolic Health and Body Composition Improvements in Obese Mice

et al. 2021

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Caloric restriction (CR) is of key importance in combating obesity and its associated diseases. We aimed to examine effects of dietary macronutrient distribution on weight loss and metabolic health in obese mice exposed to CR. Male C57BL/6J mice underwent diet-induced obesity for 18 weeks. Thereafter mice were exposed to a 6-week CR for up to 40% on either low-fat diet (LFD; 20, 60, 20% kcal from protein, carbohydrate, fat), low-carb diet (LCD; 20, 20, 60% kcal, respectively) or high-pro diet (HPD; 35, 35, 30% kcal, respectively) (n = 16 each). Ten mice on the obesogenic diet served as age-matched controls. Body composition was evaluated by tissue dissections. Glucose tolerance, bloods lipids and energy metabolism were measured. CR-induced weight loss was similar for LFD and LCD while HPD was associated with a greater weight loss than LCD. The diet groups did not differ from obese controls in hindlimb muscle mass, but showed a substantial decrease in body fat without differences between them. Glucose tolerance and blood total cholesterol were weight-loss dependent and mostly improved in LFD and HPD groups during CR. Blood triacylglycerol was lowered only in LCD group compared to obese controls. Thus, CR rather than macronutrient distribution in the diet plays the major role for improvements in body composition and glucose control in obese mice. Low-carbohydrate-high-fat diet more successfully reduces triacylglycerol but not cholesterol levels compared to isocaloric high-carbohydrate-low-fat weight loss diets.

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At similar weight loss, dietary composition determines the degree of glycemic improvement in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice

Cited by 7 publications

References 29 publications

Hypocaloric Low‐Carbohydrate and Low‐Fat Diets with Fixed Protein Lead to Similar Health Outcomes in Obese Mice

Hypocaloric Low‐Carbohydrate and Low‐Fat Diets with Fixed Protein Lead to Similar Health Outcomes in Obese Mice

Influence of Maternal Diet and Intergenerational Change in Diet Type on Ovarian and Adipose Tissue Morphology in Female Rat Offspring

Caloric Restriction per se Rather Than Dietary Macronutrient Distribution Plays a Primary Role in Metabolic Health and Body Composition Improvements in Obese Mice

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