At first sight: A high-level pop out effect for faces

Hershler, Orit; Hochstein, Shaul

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2004.12.021

Cited by 255 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Search for faces, for instance, has been found to be efficient (Hershler and Hochstein, 2005), although this result is disputed (VanRullen, 2006). We have merely shown a method for identifying features that can be used to search for an object category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Attention in hierarchical models of object recognition

Walther

Koch

2007

Progress in Brain Research

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Object recognition and visual attention are tightly linked processes in human perception. Over the last three decades, many models have been suggested to explain these two processes and their interactions, and in some cases these models appear to contradict each other. We suggest a unifying framework for object recognition and attention and review the existing modeling literature in this context. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept implementation for sharing complex features between recognition and attention as a mode of top-down attention to particular objects or object categories."At first he'd most easily make out the shadows; and after that the phantoms of the human beings and the other things in water; and, later, the things themselves." -Socrates describing the visual experience of a man exposed to the richness of the visual world outside his cave for the first time (Plato, The Republic).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Attention in hierarchical models of object recognition

Walther

Koch

2007

Progress in Brain Research

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“…ent results make it unlikely that the face search advantage is caused by a single low-level factor alone (VanRullen, 2006). Rather, bottom-up attributes of faces interact with top-down factors, such as expertise, to cause the face search advantage (Hershler & Hochstein, 2005, 2006. The locus of such an interaction could be a high-level, holistic, view-invariant expert template that receives information about many different, lower level attributes and combines these into a single percept.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Indeed, Hershler and Hochstein (2005) reported rapid popout in visual search for natural face photographs among heterogeneous distractor photographs, with a near parallel search reaction time (RT) slope over increasing set sizes (Treisman & Gelade, 1980). This rapid search with nearzero slope was not observed for other categories, such as cars, flowers, animals, or animal faces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of being expert: Top-down attentional control in visual search with photographs

Hershler

Hochstein

2009

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

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Two observers looking at the same picture may not see the same thing. To avoid sensory overload, visual information is actively selected for further processing by bottom-up processes, originating within the visual image, and top-down processes, reflecting the motivation and past experiences of the observer. The latter processes could grant categories of significance to the observer a permanent attentional advantage. Nevertheless, evidence for a generalized top-down advantage for specific categories has been limited. In this study, bird and car experts searched for face, car, or bird photographs in a heterogeneous display of photographs of real objects. Bottom-up influences were ruled out by presenting both groups of experts with identical displays. Faces and targets of expertise had a clear advantage over novice targets, indicating a permanent top-down preference for favored categories. A novel type of analysis of reaction times over the visual field suggests that the advantage for expert objects is achieved by broader detection windows, allowing observers to scan greater parts of the visual field for the presence of favored targets during each fixation.

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“…This result was further qualified by the second experiment, where another control condition was added, consisting of a scrambled human figure, typically used in studies testing body and face perception [47][48][49]. The specific aim of Experiment 2 was to assess the importance of a realistic body configuration [48] for inducing the FBI and the reduction in the SCR to painful stimuli.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illusory self-identification with an avatar reduces arousal responses to painful stimuli

Romano

Pfeiffer

Maravita

et al. 2014

Behavioural Brain Research

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h i g h l i g h t s• We experimentally induced the full body illusion through a robotic device.• We collected SCRs and ratings following acute pain stimulation during bodily illusion.• Reduced arousal responses were detectable under illusory states of self-consciousness.• Reduced SCR was related to the degree of ownership experienced for the virtual body.• Virtual body must be in anatomical configuration to be effective. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tLooking at one's own body has been shown to induce analgesia. In the present work we investigated whether illusory self-identification with an avatar, as induced experimentally through visuo-tactile stimulation, modulates the response to painful stimuli.In 30 healthy volunteers, a robotic device was used to stroke the participants' back, while they viewed either the body of an avatar, a non-body object (control object), or a body avatar with scrambled body parts (control body). All were visually stimulated in either congruent or incongruent fashion with the participant's body. We collected physiological responses (skin conductance response: SCR) to painful stimuli delivered to the participant's hand and responses to a questionnaire inquiring about self-identification with the avatar. We expected reduced physiological responses to pain during the observation of a body avatar only during synchronous visuo-tactile stroking and no reduction for the control object and the control body.Results showed a reduced SCR to painful stimuli when participants observed the normal body avatar being stroked synchronously that was also associated with largest self-identification ratings recordable already during the pain anticipation. Moreover, a negative correlation between self-identification and SCR was observed, suggesting that a greater degree of self-identification with the avatar was associated with larger decreases in SCR. These results suggest that during states of illusory self-identification with the avatar, the vision of an alien body (anatomically compatible for the vision and congruently stroked for the touch) is effective in modulating physiological responses to painful stimuli.

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At first sight: A high-level pop out effect for faces

Cited by 255 publications

References 41 publications

Attention in hierarchical models of object recognition

Attention in hierarchical models of object recognition

The importance of being expert: Top-down attentional control in visual search with photographs

Illusory self-identification with an avatar reduces arousal responses to painful stimuli

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