AT 2018lqh and the Nature of the Emerging Population of Day-scale Duration Optical Transients

Ofek, E. O.; Adams, S. M.; Waxman, Eli; Sharon, Amir; Kushnir, Doron; Horesh, A.; Ho, Anna Y. Q.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Yaron, O.; Gal‐Yam, A.; Kulkarni, S. R.; Bellm, Eric C.; Masci, Frank J.; Shupe, D. L.; Dekany, Richard; Graham, M. J.; Riddle, Reed; Duev, Dmitry A.; Andreoni, Igor; Mahabal, A.; Drake, A. J.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac24fc

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…However, the rate of all types of FBOTs is ≈ 1% of all CCSNe (e.g., Coppejansetal2020). As well, some CEJSN impostor channels that are similar, but not identical, to those I study here might account for other fast transients, e.g., AT2018lqh that Ofek et al (2021) observed. Tsuna, Kashiyama, & Shigeyama (2021) propose a scenario for AT2018lqh where a rotating blue supergiant collapses to form a BH of 30M and blows a disk wind of 0.8M .…”

Section: Rapidly Variable X-ray Sourcesupporting

confidence: 67%

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A common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) impostor scenario for fast blue optical transients

Soker

2022

Preprint

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I propose a new scenario, the polar common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) impostor scenario, to account for AT2018cow-like fast blue optical transients (FBOTs). The polar CEJSN impostor scenario evolves through four main phases. (1) A red supergiant (RSG) star expands to tidally interact with a neutron star (NS) companion (or a black hole). The interaction increases the RSG mass loss rate to form a circumstellar matter (CSM) halo to r 0.1 pc. (2) Shortly before the onset of a common envelope evolution (CEE) and about a year before explosion the NS accretes mass from the RSG envelope and launches jets that inflate two opposite lobes in the CSM within ≈ 100 AU. (3) The NS-RSG system enters a CEE phase during which the system ejects most of the envelope mass in a dense equatorial outflow. (4) At the termination of the CEE the leftover envelope forms a circumbinary disk around the NS-core system. The NS accretes mass from the circumbinary disk and launches energetic jets that when collide with the fronts of the CSM lobes power an FBOT event. The low mass of the jets-lobes interaction zones and their large distance, of about 100 AU, from the center account for the fast transient. In the future the core collapses to form a second NS. In the far future the two NS might merge. I suggest that FBOTs and similar fast transients are CEJSN impostors which compose a large fraction of the progenitors of NS-NS merger binaries.

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Section: Rapidly Variable X-ray Sourcesupporting

confidence: 67%

“…I instead propose that AT2018lqh is a type of CEJSN impostor similar to the polar CEJSN impostors that explain AT2018cowlike transients. Ofek et al (2021) estimate the rate of such fast transients to be of the order of magnitude of the the rate of NS-NS merger.…”

Section: Rapidly Variable X-ray Sourcementioning

confidence: 97%

A common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) impostor scenario for fast blue optical transients

Soker

2022

Preprint

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“…We also include the Type Ic SNe SN 2018kzr (McBrien et al 2019), SN 1999cq (Matheson et al 2000), and SN 2005ek (Drout et al 2013, which have been described as FBOTs (Pursiainen et al 2018;Coppejans et al 2020;Wiseman et al 2020;Chen & Shen 2022). We include AT2018lqh (Ofek et al 2021) and HSC17bhyl (Tampo et al 2020), described as FBOTs in Lyutikov (2022) and Coppejans et al (2020). We also include Light curves of ZTF FBOTs with redshift measurements.…”

Section: Literature Sample Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Search for Extragalactic Fast Blue Optical Transients in ZTF and the Rate of AT2018cow-like Transients

Perley

Gal‐Yam

et al. 2023

ApJ

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We present a search for extragalactic fast blue optical transients (FBOTs) during Phase I of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We identify 38 candidates with durations above half-maximum light 1 day < t 1/2 < 12 days, of which 28 have blue (g − r ≲ −0.2 mag) colors at peak light. Of the 38 transients (28 FBOTs), 19 (13) can be spectroscopically classified as core-collapse supernovae (SNe): 11 (8) H- or He-rich (Type II/IIb/Ib) SNe, 6 (4) interacting (Type IIn/Ibn) SNe, and 2 (1) H&He-poor (Type Ic/Ic-BL) SNe. Two FBOTs (published previously) had predominantly featureless spectra and luminous radio emission: AT2018lug (The Koala) and AT2020xnd (The Camel). Seven (five) did not have a definitive classification: AT 2020bdh showed tentative broad Hα in emission, and AT 2020bot showed unidentified broad features and was 10 kpc offset from the center of an early-type galaxy. Ten (eight) have no spectroscopic observations or redshift measurements. We present multiwavelength (radio, millimeter, and/or X-ray) observations for five FBOTs (three Type Ibn, one Type IIn/Ibn, one Type IIb). Additionally, we search radio-survey (VLA and ASKAP) data to set limits on the presence of radio emission for 24 of the transients. All X-ray and radio observations resulted in nondetections; we rule out AT2018cow-like X-ray and radio behavior for five FBOTs and more luminous emission (such as that seen in the Camel) for four additional FBOTs. We conclude that exotic transients similar to AT2018cow, the Koala, and the Camel represent a rare subset of FBOTs and use ZTF’s SN classification experiments to measure the rate to be at most 0.1% of the local core-collapse SN rate.

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“…Hachinger et al 2009;Ho et al 2019;Soumagnac et al 2020;Bruch et al 2021;Gal-Yam et al 2022;Perley et al 2022;Terreran et al 2022;Jacobson-Galán et al 2022;Tinyanont et al 2022;Hosseinzadeh et al 2022) and fast-transients (e.g. Perley et al 2018;Ho et al 2020b;Perley et al 2021;Ofek et al 2021) shortly after explosion. Consequently, the study of the early emission from SN explosions is at the forefront of current efforts in the field (Modjaz et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SN 2022oqm -- a Ca-rich explosion of a compact progenitor embedded in C/O circumstellar material

Irani¹,

Chen²,

Morag³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We present the discovery and analysis of SN 2022oqm, a Type Ic supernova (SN) detected < 1 day after explosion. The SN rises to a blue and short-lived (2 days) initial peak. Early spectral observations of SN 2022oqm show a hot (40,000 K) continuum with high-ionization C and O absorption features at velocities of 4,000 km s −1 , while its photospheric radius expands at 20,000 km s −1 , indicating a pre-existing distribution of expanding C/O material, likely ejected ∼ 2 weeks before the explosion. After ∼ 2.5 days, both the spectrum and light curves evolve into those of a typical SN Ic, with line velocities of 10, 000 km s −1 , in agreement with the photospheric radius evolution. The optical light curves reach a second peak around t ∼ 15 days. By t = 60 days, the spectrum of SN 2022oqm becomes nearly nebular, displaying strong Ca II and [Ca II] emission with no detectable [O I] and marking this event as Ca-rich. The early behavior can be explained by 10 −3 M of optically thin circumstellar material (CSM) surrounding either (1) a massive compact progenitor such as a Wolf-Rayet star, (2) a massive stripped progenitor with an extended envelope, or (3) a binary system with a white dwarf. We propose that the early-time light curve is powered by a combination of interaction of the ejecta with the optically thin CSM and shock cooling (in the massive-star scenario), until the radioactive decay of 56 Ni becomes the dominant power source. The observations can be explained by CSM that is optically thick to X-ray photons which are down converted, is optically thick in the lines as seen in the spectra, and is optically thin to visible-light continuum photons that come either from down-converted X-rays or from the shock-heated ejecta. Calculations show that this scenario is self-consistent.

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AT 2018lqh and the Nature of the Emerging Population of Day-scale Duration Optical Transients

Cited by 13 publications

References 78 publications

A common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) impostor scenario for fast blue optical transients

A common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) impostor scenario for fast blue optical transients

A Search for Extragalactic Fast Blue Optical Transients in ZTF and the Rate of AT2018cow-like Transients

SN 2022oqm -- a Ca-rich explosion of a compact progenitor embedded in C/O circumstellar material

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