Asynchronous rhythms in the emission of volatiles from Hesperis matronalis flowers

Nielsen, Jens Kvist; Jakobsen, Henrik; Friis, Palle; Hansen, K.R.; Møller, Jørgen; Olsen, Carl Erik

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)00332-n

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the perennial herb Hesperis matronalis (Brassicaceae), the effects of temperature on floral scent production is nearly opposite to the patterns observed for the Lithophragma species studied here, with aromatics being less affected by low temperature than monoterpenes (Nielsen et al 1995). Thus, the variation in reaction norms between different compounds also could be dynamic and species-specific, and thereby reflect different ecological functions or evolutionary histories for different classes of volatiles (e.g., attractants vs. repellents) in each local environment (Junker and Blüthgen 2010;Theis et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Floral Scent Contributes to Interaction Specificity in Coevolving Plants and Their Insect Pollinators

et al. 2014

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Chemical defenses, repellents, and attractants are important shapers of species interactions. Chemical attractants could contribute to the divergence of coevolving plant-insect interactions, if pollinators are especially responsive to signals from the local plant species. We experimentally investigated patterns of daily floral scent production in three Lithophragma species (Saxifragaceae) that are geographically isolated and tested how scent divergence affects attraction of their major pollinator-the floral parasitic moth Greya politella (Prodoxidae). These moths oviposit through the corolla while simultaneously pollinating the flower with pollen adhering to the abdomen. The complex and species-specific floral scent profiles were emitted in higher amounts during the day, when these day-flying moths are active. There was minimal divergence found in petal color, which is another potential floral attractant. Female moths responded most strongly to scent from their local host species in olfactometer bioassays, and were more likely to oviposit in, and thereby pollinate, their local host species in no-choice trials. The results suggest that floral scent is an important attractant in this interaction. Local specialization in the pollinator response to a highly specific plant chemistry, thus, has the potential to contribute importantly to patterns of interaction specificity among coevolving plants and highly specialized pollinators.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Floral Scent Contributes to Interaction Specificity in Coevolving Plants and Their Insect Pollinators

et al. 2014

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“…Although many plants emit volatile compounds continuously and at a constant level during flowering, other flowering plants emit scent in a rhythmic manner with a diurnal or nocturnal maximum (Matile and Altenburger, 1988;Loughrin et al, 1990;Nielsen et al, 1995;Helsper et al, 1998). The rhythmic release of volatiles from some flowers is often correlated with the corresponding temporal activity of their known pollinators (Loughrin et al, 1990;Schiestl et al, 1997).…”

Section: Temporal and Rhythmic Variations In Methyl Benzoate Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Regulation of Methyl Benzoate Biosynthesis and Emission in Snapdragon Flowers

et al. 2000

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In snapdragon flowers, the volatile ester methyl benzoate is the most abundant scent compound. It is synthesized by and emitted from only the upper and lower lobes of petals, where pollinators (bumblebees) come in contact with the flower. Emission of methyl benzoate occurs in a rhythmic manner, with maximum emission during the day, which correlates with pollinator activity. A novel S -adenosyl-L -methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase (BAMT), the final enzyme in the biosynthesis of methyl benzoate, and its corresponding cDNA have been isolated and characterized. The complete amino acid sequence of the BAMT protein has only low levels of sequence similarity to other previously characterized proteins, including plant O -methyl transferases. During the life span of the flower, the levels of methyl benzoate emission, BAMT activity, BAMT gene expression, and the amounts of BAMT protein and benzoic acid are developmentally and differentially regulated. Linear regression analysis revealed that production of methyl benzoate is regulated by the amount of benzoic acid and the amount of BAMT protein, which in turn is regulated at the transcriptional level.

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“…Plants tend to emit scent at maximal levels when the flowers are ready for pollination and concomitantly when their potential pollinators are active. The rhythmic release of flower scent during the day and night generally coincides with the foraging activities of potential pollinators (Matile and Altenburger, 1988;Loughrin et al, 1990;Nielsen et al, 1995;Dudareva et al, 2000). In addition, newly opened and young flowers, which are not ready to function as pollen donors because their anthers have not yet dehisced, usually produce less scent and therefore are less attractive to pollinators (Jones et al, 1998;Dudareva et al, 2000; summarized by Dudareva et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Regulation of Methylbenzoate Emission after Pollination in Snapdragon and Petunia Flowers

et al. 2003

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The molecular mechanisms responsible for postpollination changes in floral scent emission were investigated in snapdragon cv Maryland True Pink and petunia cv Mitchell flowers using a volatile ester, methylbenzoate, one of the major scent compounds emitted by these flowers, as an example. In both species, a 70 to 75% pollination-induced decrease in methylbenzoate emission begins only after pollen tubes reach the ovary, a process that takes between 35 and 40 h in snapdragon and ‫ف‬ 32 h in petunia. This postpollination decrease in emission is not triggered by pollen deposition on the stigma. Petunia and snapdragon both synthesize methylbenzoate from benzoic acid and S -adenosyl-L -methionine (SAM); however, they use different mechanisms to downregulate its production after pollination. In petunia, expression of the gene responsible for methylbenzoate synthesis is suppressed by ethylene. In snapdragon, the decrease in methylbenzoate emission is the result of a decrease in both S -adenosyl-L -methionine:benzoic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (BAMT) activity and the ratio of SAM to S -adenosyl-L -homocysteine ("methylation index") after pollination, although the BAMT gene also is sensitive to ethylene.

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Asynchronous rhythms in the emission of volatiles from Hesperis matronalis flowers

Cited by 53 publications

References 17 publications

Floral Scent Contributes to Interaction Specificity in Coevolving Plants and Their Insect Pollinators

Floral Scent Contributes to Interaction Specificity in Coevolving Plants and Their Insect Pollinators

Developmental Regulation of Methyl Benzoate Biosynthesis and Emission in Snapdragon Flowers

Regulation of Methylbenzoate Emission after Pollination in Snapdragon and Petunia Flowers

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