Asynchronous glimpsing of speech: Spread of masking and task set-size

Ozmeral, Erol J.; Buss, Emily; Hall, Joseph W.

doi:10.1121/1.4730976

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Relative to this level of integration, it was of interest to determine the effect of maintaining a continuous feed of speech information to each ear, but where the content of that information alternated across frequency in each ear and, concomitantly, across ears as in the Dich Async condition. Successful integration of asynchronous speech glimpses presented dichotically has been demonstrated using a masking paradigm ( Ozmeral, Buss, & Hall, 2012 ). In that study, speech was filtered into multiple contiguous bands, with alternate bands presented to opposite ears, and this continuous speech was then masked by a modulated masker where the modulator phase could be inverted across ears to render the speech glimpses asynchronous across ears.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Spectro-Temporal Integration of Speech

2016

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of age on the spectro-temporal integration of speech. The hypothesis was that the integration of speech fragments distributed over frequency, time, and ear of presentation is reduced in older listeners—even for those with good audiometric hearing. Younger, middle-aged, and older listeners (10 per group) with good audiometric hearing participated. They were each tested under seven conditions that encompassed combinations of spectral, temporal, and binaural integration. Sentences were filtered into two bands centered at 500 Hz and 2500 Hz, with criterion bandwidth tailored for each participant. In some conditions, the speech bands were individually square wave interrupted at a rate of 10 Hz. Configurations of uninterrupted, synchronously interrupted, and asynchronously interrupted frequency bands were constructed that constituted speech fragments distributed across frequency, time, and ear of presentation. The over-arching finding was that, for most configurations, performance was not differentially affected by listener age. Although speech intelligibility varied across condition, there was no evidence of performance deficits in older listeners in any condition. This study indicates that age, per se, does not necessarily undermine the ability to integrate fragments of speech dispersed across frequency and time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging and Spectro-Temporal Integration of Speech

2016

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“…Specifically, listeners with higher scores on cognitive tests were able to utilize the temporal or spectral gaps in modulated background noise. Those gaps allowed the listener to “glimpse” information about the target signal (Festen & Plomp, 1990; Kwon, Perry, Wilhelm & Healy, 2012; Ozmeral, Buss & Hall, 2012; Vestergaard, Fyson & Patterson, 2011), a factor that is minimally present in unmodulated background noise.…”

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Exploring the Relationship Between Working Memory, Compressor Speed, and Background Noise Characteristics

2016

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Objectives Previous work has shown that individuals with lower working memory demonstrate reduced intelligibility for speech processed with fast-acting compression amplification. This relationship has been noted in fluctuating noise, but the extent of noise modulation that must be present to elicit such an effect is unknown. This study expanded on previous work by exploring the effect of background noise modulations in relation to compression speed and working memory ability, using a range of signal-to-noise ratios. Design Twenty-six older participants aged between 61 and 90 years were grouped by high or low working memory according to their performance on a reading span test. Speech intelligibility was measured for low-context sentences presented in background noise, where the noise varied in the extent of amplitude modulation. Simulated fast- or slow-acting compression amplification combined with individual frequency-gain shaping was applied to compensate for the individual’s hearing loss. Results Better speech intelligibility scores were observed for participants with high working memory when fast compression was applied than when slow compression was applied. The low working memory group behaved in the opposite way and performed better under slow compression compared to fast compression. There was also a significant effect of the extent of amplitude modulation in the background noise, such that the magnitude of the score difference (fast versus slow compression) depended on the number of talkers in the background noise. The presented signal-to-noise ratios were not a significant factor on the measured intelligibility performance. Conclusion In agreement with earlier research, high working memory allowed better speech intelligibility when fast compression was applied in modulated background noise. In the present experiment, that effect was present regardless of the extent of background noise modulation.

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“…However, no significant differences were recognized in these comparisons. The afferent activities from both ears are integrated [16], [17]. Neural interactions between them sometimes suppress the other auditory pathway [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoencephalographic Study on Forward Suppression by Ipsilateral, Contralateral, and Binaural Maskers

et al. 2013

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When two tones are presented in a short time interval, the response to the second tone is suppressed. This phenomenon is referred to as forward suppression. To address the effect of the masker laterality on forward suppression, magnetoencephalographic responses were investigated for eight subjects with normal hearing when the preceding maskers were presented ipsilaterally, contralaterally, and binaurally. We employed three masker intensity conditions: the ipsilateral-strong, left-right-balanced, and contralateral-strong conditions. Regarding the responses to the maskers without signal, the N1m amplitude evoked by the left and binaural maskers was significantly larger than that evoked by the right masker for the left-strong and left-right-balanced conditions. No significant difference was observed for the right-strong condition. Regarding the subsequent N1m amplitudes, they were attenuated by the presence of the left, binaural, and right maskers for all conditions. For the left- and right-strong conditions, the subsequent N1m amplitude in the presence of the left masker was smaller than those of the binaural and right maskers. No difference was observed between the binaural and right masker presentation. For left-right-balanced condition, the subsequent N1m amplitude decreased in the presence of the right, binaural, and left maskers in that order. If the preceding activity reflected the ability to suppress the subsequent activity, the forward suppression by the left masker would be superior to that by the right masker for the left-strong and left-right-balanced conditions. Furthermore, the forward suppression by the binaural masker would be expected to be superior to that by the left masker owing to additional afferent activity from the right ear. Thus, the current results suggest that the forward suppression by ipsilateral maskers is superior to that by contralateral maskers although both maskers evoked the N1m amplitudes to the same degree. Additional masker at the contralateral ear can attenuate the forward suppression by the ipsilateral masker.

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Asynchronous glimpsing of speech: Spread of masking and task set-size

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Aging and Spectro-Temporal Integration of Speech

Aging and Spectro-Temporal Integration of Speech

Exploring the Relationship Between Working Memory, Compressor Speed, and Background Noise Characteristics

Magnetoencephalographic Study on Forward Suppression by Ipsilateral, Contralateral, and Binaural Maskers

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