Asynchronous Flowering or Buffer Zones: Technical Solutions for Small‐scale Farming

Nadal, Anna; Pla, María; Messeguer, Joaquima; Melé, Enric; Piferrer, Xavier; Serra, Joan Mayol; Capellades, Gemma

doi:10.1111/1746-692x.12115

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Regarding the physical distance between farms, buffer zones between GMO and non-GMO lands have been found to be capable of very effectively reducing risk. 18 On the other hand, wind may transfer GM pollen, pesticides, or even smoke – thereby affecting the flavor of products – onto adjacent lands, and irrigation water could transfer pesticides and plant propagation materials. Also necessary to consider are involuntary transfers via humans, animals, vehicles, soil, and admixture (i.e., grain movement), among others.…”

Section: Coexistence Of Organic Farming and Gm Seed Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of genetically modified seed production and organic farming in Chile

Sánchez¹,

Campos

2021

GM Crops & Food

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The seed industry in Chile has thrived since the implementation of a stringent, voluntarily self-imposed coexistence strategy between genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and non-GMO seed activities. GMO varieties of maize, soybean, and canola represent the vast majority of biotech seeds produced in Chile. Chile’s exports of genetically modified (GM) seeds and organically grown food products (which excludes GM seeds and materials) continue to expand. Organic Chilean farmers predominantly produce and export fruits such as blueberries, wine grapes, and apples. Under normal agricultural conditions, the inadvertent presence of GMOs in non-GMO or organic crops cannot be ruled out. Producers of organic foods are required to implement stringent measures to minimize contact with any non-organic crop, regardless of whether these crops are GM. Only very small amounts of organic maize, soybean, and canola – if any – have been produced in Chile in recent years. Given the characteristics and nature of Chile’s agriculture, the direct impact of the GM seed industry on organic farming in Chile is likely to be negligible. The Chilean experience with coexistence between GM seed and organic industries may inform other countries interested in providing its farmers with alternative agricultural production systems.

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Section: Coexistence Of Organic Farming and Gm Seed Industriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of genetically modified seed production and organic farming in Chile

Sánchez¹,

Campos

2021

GM Crops & Food

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“…The “ Technical and Best Practice Guidelines for the Cultivation of Bt Maize ” (translated) from the Spanish National Plant Breeders’ Association ANOVE suggests either to keep “ a strip of 12 rows of conventional maize of similar cycle ” separating neighboring fields, or a temporal isolation of sowings “ of 4 weeks in April, or two weeks in May ” to meet the EU labelling threshold (translated from ANOVE 2021 , p. 1). These suggestions were subject to (positive) “ validation […] in the ‘worst- case scenario’ ” by Nadal et al ( 2016 , p. 24), both empirically at a field level in Catalonia, and “in silico” with the GIMI 2 tool built by Melé et al ( 2014a , b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bays of Palma and Alcúdia are the areas where the sea breeze phenomenon is of greatest significance in Mallorca (Alomar-Garau and Grimalt-Gelabert 2022 ; Alomar Garau 2013 ; Ponce de León and Orfila 2013 ; Ramis et al 1990 ; Ramis and Romero 1995 ; Ramis Noguera 1998 ; Romero and Ramis 1996 ), with a prevalence of up to “ 80% of the days in July and 76% in August ” (Ramis and Romero 1995 , p. 5). The most important maize growing areas in the Balearic Islands are close to those bays (CAIB 2012 , 2013 ), and July and August are very relevant in terms of maize pollination in Northeastern Spain (Melé et al 2014b ; Nadal et al 2016 ) and the Balearic Islands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence field trials between MON810 and conventional maize in Mallorca as a basis for a regional regulatory proposal based on scientific evidence in the times of genome editing

Vives-Vallés,

Corujo,

Pla

et al. 2024

Transgenic Res

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This paper reports the first coexistence field trials between transgenic and conventional maize carried out under Mediterranean island conditions. Their purpose was to assess the local validity of pollen barriers and sowing delays as coexistence strategies as a basis for a regional regulation on the subject. Two field trials were performed in two agricultural states of Alcudia and Palma, in Mallorca (Spain). In the first one, two adjacent plots were synchronously sown with conventional and transgenic maize, respectively. In the second trial, the previous design was replicated, and two additional plots sown with GM maize were added, paired with their respective conventional recipient plots sown 2 and 4 weeks later. All conventional plots were located downwind from their respective GM plots. Of the two conventional plots in sowing synchrony, only one of them required a 2.25 m pollen barrier to meet the 0.9% labeling threshold. A 4-week sowing delay between GM and non-GM plots proved to be enough to keep the GM content of the recipient plots below the legal threshold. However, with a 2-week sowing delay additional coexistence measures such as pollen barriers might be needed, as suggested in the literature. Results are consistent with previous research conducted in the northeast of Spain, thus validating in the island’s agroclimatic conditions a model successfully tested in that peninsular region which allows to accurately estimate the need and width of pollen barriers. The results presented here could perhaps be extrapolated to other islands, coastal areas, and regions with stable prevailing winds during the maize flowering season.

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Ex-post assessment of genetically modified, low level presence in Canadian flax

2017

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Canada is the world's largest producer and exporter of flaxseed. In 2009, DNA from deregistered genetically modified (GM) CDC Triffid was detected in a shipment of Canadian flaxseed exported to Europe, causing a large decrease in the amount of flax planted in Canada and a major shift in export markets. The flax industry in Canada undertook major changes to ensure the removal of transgenic flax from the supply chain. To demonstrate compliance, Canada adopted a protocol involving testing grain samples (post-harvest) using an RT-PCR test for the construct found in CDC Triffid. Efforts to remove the presence of GM flax from the value chain included reconstituting major flax varieties from GM-free plants. The reconstituted varieties represented the majority of planting seed in 2014. This study re-evaluates GM flax presence in Canadian grain stocks for an updated dataset (2009-2015) using a previously described simulation model to estimate low-level GM presence. Additionally, losses to the Canadian economy resulting from the reduction in flax production and export opportunities, costs associated with reconstituting major flax varieties, and testing for the presence of GM flax along the flax value chain are estimated.

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Asynchronous Flowering or Buffer Zones: Technical Solutions for Small‐scale Farming

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Coexistence of genetically modified seed production and organic farming in Chile

Coexistence of genetically modified seed production and organic farming in Chile

Coexistence field trials between MON810 and conventional maize in Mallorca as a basis for a regional regulatory proposal based on scientific evidence in the times of genome editing

Ex-post assessment of genetically modified, low level presence in Canadian flax

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