Asymptotic Optimality of Fisher's Method of Combining Independent Tests

Littell, Ramon C.; Folks, J. Leroy

doi:10.2307/2284230

Cited by 92 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…Fisher's exact probability tests, as described in Results, were performed to check that the number of significant neuronal responses found could not have arisen by chance. [The Fisher (1932) probability combination (or generalized significance or exact probability) test is well established and asymptotically Bahadur optimal (Littell and Folks, 1971;Zaykin et al, 2002)]. Two-tailed least significant difference post hoc tests as implemented in SPSS (Chicago, IL) software and corrected for multiple com-parisons were performed to check whether, for example, the differential firing of neurons to R1 versus R2 was consistent across every scene.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward-Spatial View Representations and Learning in the Primate Hippocampus

Rolls¹,

Xiang²

2005

J. Neurosci.

124

104

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The primate anterior hippocampus (which corresponds to the rodent ventral hippocampus) receives inputs from brain regions involved in reward processing, such as the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. To investigate how this affective input may be incorporated into primate hippocampal function, we recorded neuronal activity while rhesus macaques performed a reward-place association task in which each spatial scene shown on a video monitor had one location that, if touched, yielded a preferred fruit juice reward and a second location that yielded a less-preferred juice reward. Each scene had different locations for the different rewards. Of 312 neurons analyzed in the hippocampus, 18% responded more to the location of the preferred reward in different scenes, and 5% responded to the location of the less-preferred reward. When the locations of the preferred rewards in the scenes were reversed, 60% of 44 hippocampal neurons tested reversed the location to which they responded, showing that the reward-place associations could be altered by new learning in a few trials. The majority (82%) of these 44 hippocampal neurons tested did not respond to reward associations in a visual discrimination, objectreward association task. Thus, the primate hippocampus contains a representation of the reward associations of places "out there" being viewed. By associating places with the rewards available, the concept that the primate hippocampus is involved in object-place event memory is now extended to remembering goals available at different spatial locations. This is an important type of association memory.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward-Spatial View Representations and Learning in the Primate Hippocampus

Rolls¹,

Xiang²

2005

J. Neurosci.

124

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Significant interactions were also found for brain regions representing the pleasantness versus the intensity of odors, including medial orbitofrontal cortex versus pyriform cortex ( p ϭ 0.010), anterior lateral orbitofrontal cortex versus pyriform cortex ( p ϭ 0.003), and anterior lateral orbitofrontal cortex versus taste insula ( p ϭ 0.009). A Fisher exact probability test (Fisher, 1932;Littell and Folks, 1971;Zaykin et al, 2002) showed that this pattern of results would have occurred by chance with pϽ Ͻ0.0001. The findings show that there are differences between brain areas in how they respond to the mixture relative to the pleasant and unpleasant anchor stimuli, jasmine, and indole that cannot be accounted for by any linear process, in that the mixture is placed at different relative distances from the pleasant and unpleasant anchors in different brain areas.…”

Section: Differences In the Patterns Of Activation Of The Mixture Betmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Pleasant and Unpleasant Stimuli Combine in Different Brain Regions: Odor Mixtures

Grabenhorst¹,

Rolls²,

Margot³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

191

148

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Many affective stimuli are hedonically complex mixtures containing both pleasant and unpleasant components. To investigate whether the brain represents the overall affective value of such complex stimuli, or the affective value of the different components simultaneously, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activations to a pleasant odor (jasmine), an unpleasant odor (indole), and a mixture of the two that was pleasant. In brain regions that represented the pleasantness of the odors such as the medial orbitofrontal cortex (as shown by activations that correlated with the pleasantness ratings), the mixture produced activations of similar magnitude to the pleasant jasmine, but very different from the unpleasant indole. These regions thus emphasize the pleasant aspects of the mixture. In contrast, in regions representing the unpleasantness of odors such as the dorsal anterior cingulate and midorbitofrontal cortex the mixture produced activations that were relatively further from the pleasant component jasmine and closer to the indole. These regions thus emphasize the unpleasant aspects of the mixture. Thus mixtures that are found pleasant can have components that are separately pleasant and unpleasant, and the brain can separately and simultaneously represent the positive and negative hedonic value of a complex affective stimulus that contains both pleasant and unpleasant olfactory components. This type of representation may be important for affective decision making in the brain in that separate representations of different affective components of the same sensory stimulus may provide the inputs for making a decision about whether to choose the stimulus or not.

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“…Littell and Folks (1971) studied four methods of combining a finite number of independent tests. They found that the Fisher method is better than the inverse normal method, the minimum of p-value method and maximum of p-vales via Bahadur efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that the Fisher method is better than the inverse normal method, the minimum of p-value method and maximum of p-vales via Bahadur efficiency. Later, Littell and Folks (1973) showed under mild conditions that the Fisher's method is Abedel-Qader S. Al-Masri is an instructor in the Department of Statistics. Email him at: almasri68@yu.edu.jo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Independent Tests of Conditional Shifted Exponential Distribution

Al-Masri

2010

J. Mod. App. Stat. Meth.

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Asymptotic Optimality of Fisher's Method of Combining Independent Tests

Cited by 92 publications

References 0 publications

Reward-Spatial View Representations and Learning in the Primate Hippocampus

Reward-Spatial View Representations and Learning in the Primate Hippocampus

How Pleasant and Unpleasant Stimuli Combine in Different Brain Regions: Odor Mixtures

Combining Independent Tests of Conditional Shifted Exponential Distribution

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