Asymptomatic pharyngeal carriage rate of Streptococcus pyogenes, its associated factors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among school children in Hawassa town, southern Ethiopia

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the asymptomatic pharyngeal carriage rate of S. pyogenes, antimicrobial pattern and related risk factors among school children in Hawassa, Southern Ethiopia. Results Out of 287school children’s screened, 35(12.2%) were colonized with S. pyogenes. The carriage rate was significantly associated with factors such as sex (Female p=0.013) occupational status of mother (p=0.002), lower income source (500-900ETB, 1000-1500ETB) (p=0.001, and p=0.042), history of hospitalization (p=0.00) and residence of the children (p=0.002). High level resistant to tetracycline and low level to Vancomycine were observed, while penicillin, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol, and Ceftriaxone were found to be effective.

Isolation and Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes from Patients and Objects in Hospital Environment in Thi-Qarcity in Iraq

“…S.pyogeneshas remained a significant human pathogen for centuries, it causes a wide variety of infections in humans, which vary from mild upper respiratory and skin infections to non-suppurativesequelae like Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease (8) .The majority of patients were range (2-63 years) these results are similar to a study reported by (9), and also similar to another study reported by (10) .The Samples were from (97) females (45%) and (118) males (55%), the males were predominant more than female, these results are agreement with results of study conducted by (11)(12)(13) and disagree with studies showed by (14,15) , as shown in these result there is no big difference in the sex of patients.The results of the present study displayed that the occurrence of S.pyogenes was 25/290 isolates (6.8%), and this result disagree with a study in Thi-qar revealed by (16) who documented a high emergence of isolates from patients with tonsillitis, but similar to a study revealed by (17) .Nosocomial transmission of GAS infection into patients in the hospital environment has been described in the medical literature, the range of transmission has been limited to small numbers of health care workers (18) .The current study revealed that is no presence of Streptococcus spp. especially S.pyogenes and this result disagree with a study reported by (19) who showed that the rate of Streptococcus species is (2.75) and a high rate of Staphylococcus aureus (41.28).The results appeared 25 of the isolates were positive for 16S rRNA and 24 were positive for emmgene, these results are similar to a study reported by (6) , who showed a similar DNA sequences of the 16S rRNA gene region of GAS isolates.…”

Molecular Characterization of Multi-drug Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Its Eradication Using Essential Oil of Zingiber officinale as a Natural Antimicrobial Agent

“…This result was in a contradiction with Othman et al (2019), who discovered a statistically significant greater frequency of GAS in females (66.15 percent) than in males (38.10 percent). Females were exposed to S. pyogenes infection at a higher rate than males, according to similar findings (Vijaya et al, 2013;Nayiga et al, 2017;Anja et al, 2019).…”

“…The other finding detected Camara et al (2013), who found that isolated S. pyogenes were completely (100%) resistant to tetracycline. According to Anja et al (2019), tetracycline resistance was found in 42.9 percent of S. pyogenes isolates. Their multidrug resistance (MDR) character has been linked to serious healthcare difficulties in earlier investigations.…”

Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Associated Factors of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis Among Pediatric Patients with Acute Pharyngitis in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

“…The isolates also showed 95.7% susceptibility to chloramphenicol, which is consistent with reports from other studies in Ethiopia. 30,71 The acquisition of chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase (CAT) enzymes or the presence of active efflux mediated by specific transporters is highly associated with chloramphenicol resistance. Target modifications are also possible through point mutations or cfr (chloramphenicol-florfenicol-resistance)-mediated methylation in 23S rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid).…”

“…This finding is consistent with previous reports from Ethiopia, Jimma 52% 41 and Hawassa 57.1%. 71 Tetracycline resistance may be due to drug inactivation, active efflux, and ribosomal protection mechanisms, which are associated with the presence of tet (M), tet (K), or tet (L) genes in the bacteria. 8,75 In general, the high level of tetracycline resistance reported in our study might be attributed by many factors including over and misuse of antimicrobials in the study area where there is weak regulatory practice and inadequate bacteriological surveillance.…”