Asymptomatic Endemic Rotavirus Infections in the Newborn

Chrystie, I. L.; Totterdell, B.M.; Banatvala, J. E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90967-4

Cited by 172 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…If the children whose stools were positive only by EM anld RNA-PAGE are included in the analysis, the positivity rate is increased from 4-4 to 5 7 %, but is still much lower than the rates published by other authors. In contrast, if all those positive by any metres are included, 17 3 % of the children excreted rotavirus and this figure is comparable with those reported by other authors (Chrystie et al 1978;Bishop et al 1976;Madeley et al 1978;Champsaur et al 1984). Taking into consideration the time of life in which the study was carried out, the number of samples obtained and the fact that all three methods used have been widely validated and had been previously standarized in our laboratories, we think that the different results found by the three techniques are most likely due to their detecting different stages of viral assembly, ranging from unorganized viral antigens up to complete infective virions.…”

Section: I)iscussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Faecal excretion of rotavirus and other enteropathogens in newborns of the high and low socio-economic stratum in Santiago, Chile

et al. 1988

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SUMMARYFaecal excretion of enteropathogens was studied in newborns in their first week of life. Rotavirus was investigated in 225 neonates, of whom 107 belonged to the low socio-economic stratum (SES) and 118 to the high SES. Half of each group were delivered by caesarean section. Rotavirus was detected in 10 infants (4 4 %). Eight of them had been in the same ward and excreted the same viral electrophoretype. Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 8 out of 57 (14-0 %) newborns. Positive cultures were equally distributed by SES and route of delivery. Giardia lamblia was the only parasite detected, in one infant (2-6 %) of the high SES. None of the children developed symptoms. Faecal excretion of enteropathogens ended spontaneously within a week in all cases. It is suggested that the lack of symptomatology and the spontaneous termination of the faecal excretion are related to immaturity of the small intestinal mucosa, that does not allow the completion of the steps that must take place during a successful infectious event.

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Section: I)iscussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Faecal excretion of rotavirus and other enteropathogens in newborns of the high and low socio-economic stratum in Santiago, Chile

et al. 1988

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“…Neonatal infection with rotavirus has been reported as a common phenomenon in British, Australian, and Venezuelan maternity hospitals [15][16][17]. Such infection is probably nosocomial, with house staff acting as the main disseminators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Endemicity and Low Pathogenicity of Rotaviruses Among Rural Children in Costa Rica

Simhon

Mata

Vives

et al. 1985

Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Rotaviruses were prospectively studied in 51 rural Costa Rican children from birth to two years. Samples of feces were collected weekly over a 33-month period. Rotavirus was detected in 45 (1.04%) of 4,317 fecal specimens; 39 infections were documented (an incidence of 0.5 infection per child-year), only five of which were associated with diarrhea (a pathogenicity of 12.8%). Secretory antibody in fecal extracts, detected in six of 39 infections, was short lived and did not protect against reinfection. Serum antibody was present in 69.6% of two-year-old children, but was not detected in 18.8% with documented infections. On the other hand, serum antibody was present in six of 14 children in whom rotavirus was not detected, thus increasing the overall incidence to 0.6 infection per child-year. The combination of prolonged breast-feeding, exposure to a lower infecting dose (compared with urban children), and a higher standard of hygiene than expected may explain the low incidence and low pathogenicity of rotavirus among these rural children.The epidemiology of rotavirus infection in populations observed in their own environment needs further elucidation, particularly in less-developed countries where diarrheal disease takes its highest toll. In Costa Rica, rotavirus was demonstrated as the most important etiologic agent of acute diarrhea among outpatients at the National Children's Hospital in San Jose [1]. Hospital-based studies are of limited epidemiological value, however, because they are cross-sectional in nature; cover, by definition, the most serious cases that require hospital treatment; and thus, do not reflect the situation in the general population. Consequently, a cohort study was designed in order to study patterns of infection and immunity to rotavirus under natural conditions. This longitudinal study permitted investigation of the

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“…Primary infection with rotavirus in infants can occur very rapidly after birth, sometimes within the first few days [8]. Most infants have evidence of infection by 3 years of age as recorded in seroepidemiological studies from several countries [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiology of group A rotavirus in suburban São Paulo, Brazil

Cox

Azevedo²,

Nokes³

et al. 1998

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYAge-specific patterns of rotavirus infection were investigated using a randomly selected and representative sample of sera from a suburban community of Sa4 o Paulo, Brazil screened for class-specific antibodies to group A rotavirus. Age-serology of anti-rotavirus IgG showed primary infection predominant in young infants with a median age of around 18 months consistent with IgM serology suggesting highest rates of recent infection between ages 4 and 48 months. Anti-rotavirus serum IgA prevalence increased gradually with age. Paired samples from infants, collected 1 month apart, indicated high exposure rates with seroconversion occurring in several infants during the reported low transmission season. Between 5 and 10 % of adults had elevated IgM levels indicative of recent infection and, potentially, of an important contribution adults may play to rotavirus transmission. Further understanding of the dynamics of rotavirus transmission within populations, at group and serotype level, would benefit the design and monitoring of future immunization programmes.

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Asymptomatic Endemic Rotavirus Infections in the Newborn

Cited by 172 publications

References 18 publications

Faecal excretion of rotavirus and other enteropathogens in newborns of the high and low socio-economic stratum in Santiago, Chile

Faecal excretion of rotavirus and other enteropathogens in newborns of the high and low socio-economic stratum in Santiago, Chile

Low Endemicity and Low Pathogenicity of Rotaviruses Among Rural Children in Costa Rica

Seroepidemiology of group A rotavirus in suburban São Paulo, Brazil

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