Asymptomatic bacteriuria: Occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profiles among students of a tertiary institution in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Abstract

Asymptomatic bacteriuria, a form of urinary tract infections that involves isolation of a specified quantitative count of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms or signs referable to urinary infection is common, but the prevalence in population varies widely with age, sex and the presence of genitourinary abnormalities. This study therefore aimed at investigating the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among selected students of Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Nigeria as well as the antibiotic resistance patterns of the bacterial isolates associated with the condition. Urine samples were collected from one hundred apparently healthy students and processed within two hours of collection. The isolates were identified by conventional biochemical tests while antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were carried out according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results revealed 77% prevalence (49 females, 27 males) among the sample studied with the presence of Staphylococcal spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp. and Bacillus spp. Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant species accounting for 54.5% of the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility study revealed all the isolates to be multidrug resistant. However, resistance to ofloxacin by Gram-negative bacterial isolates was least while resistance to streptomycin by the Gram-positive isolates was least in this study. The study concluded that multidrug resistant bacteria can be associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria while the patients may not develop any sign or symptom referable to urinary tract infection.

Bacteriological profile, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of symptomatic urinary tract infection among students of Mekelle University, northern Ethiopia

“…In line with previously documented results [1, 3, 11] our study revealed, female participants had seven folded increased risk of acquiring UTI. This might be due to females have short, wider and direct urethra, lack of prostatic fluid which acts as antimicrobial; and having warm and moist urethra which could be supportive for the optimal growth of bacteria compared to males [37].…”

“…This was in line with findings reported from the general population in Ethiopia (22.5%) [46] and (22%) [47]. This could be as CoNS are a normal flora of the urogenital area at puberty, which may invade the urinary tract during sexual activity especiallyinfemales [1]. Isolation rate of S.aureus (13.5%) and K.pneumoniae (.1%) in our study was comparable to previous reports in Nigeria (13.3%) and (6.4%)respectively [37].…”

“…Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is the presence of significant bacteria in urine irrespective of the site of infection in the urinary tract [1]. UTI can range from the presence of bacteria in urine without symptoms to serious symptomatic illnesses such as urethritis (urethra), cystitis (bladder), urethritis (ureters), and pyelonephritis (kidney) [2, 3].…”

“…UTI occurs in all age groups of both genders [4, 9]. This is as a result of anatomic position, physiological changes, vaginal intercourse, use of contraceptive methods like spermicide and diaphragm, and lack of prostatic fluid which acts as an antibacterial agent, almost 50% of women experiencing at least one episode of UTI during their lifetime [1, 10, 11]. Even though the episode of UTI is less in men than females, it is more serious when it happens [12, 13].…”

The inhibitory effect of Punica granatum on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Extended spectrum β-lactamase strains

“…The costs of treatment of the UTI are high, with previous studies from France and the US reporting €58 million and $2.47 billion; respectively, for treatments of the UTIs (Foxman et al, 2000;François et al, 2016). UTIs occur when the bacterial pathogen enters into different parts of the urinary tract system, including the urethra; bladder, ureter, and kidneys, and its load may reach more than 10 5 cells\ ml in urine (Osungunna and Adeyemi, 2016). The prevalence of UTIs is influenced by the age; sex, comorbidities, and functional abnormalities in the lower urinary tract (Byron, 2018).…”