Asymmetry of the time dynamics of breathers in the electroconvection twist structure of a nematic

Temperature reconfigurable skyrmionic solitons in cholesteric liquid crystals

“…6 Liquid crystals are anisotropic fluids with long-range orientational order of elongated molecules defined by the average of the long molecular axis called director, n. The study of solitons in liquid crystals was started in 1968 by Wolfgang Helfrich who theoretically modelled alignment inversion walls as static solitons in an infinite sample of nematic order. 7 Since then, different types of solitons have been reported, including different types of inversion walls, [7][8][9] propagating solitary waves, 10,11 individual convective rolls 12 and local convective domains, 13 discommensurations 14,15 and breathers, 16 nematicons, 17 directrons, 18 swallow-tail solitons 19 and others. In addition, a number of topological solitons, such as skyrmions, torons, hopfions, heliknotons are observed or created in chiral nematic liquid crystals (CNLCs).…”

Defects dynamics in roll structures of twisted nematics

“…But the dynamics of defects in NLC electroconvection system with the non-homogeneous director n field distribution still remains under investigation [10,11]. That's why this work is aimed to study the peculiarities of defects dynamics in roll structure in π/2 twisted NLC in alternating electrical field.…”

Annealing and melting of active two-dimensional soliton lattices in chiral nematic films

“…The investigations of solitons in liquid crystals have been carried out for over 5 decades. Various kinds of solitons have been reported, including different types of inversion walls [29][30][31] , propagating solitary waves 32,33 , individual convective rolls 34 and local convective domains 35 , discommensurations 36,37 and breathers 38 , nematicons 39 , skyrmions and torons 28 , swallow-tail solitons 40 , etc. In 1997, Brand et al reported an electrically driven butterfly-like soliton which moves easily and rapidly throughout the uniform nematic bulk 41 , which was recently recognized as the three-dimensional (3D) dissipative solitary waves coined as "director bullets" or "directrons" by Li et al [42][43][44][45] and received increasing attention due to their intriguing nonlinear dynamic properties and potential applications in various areas such as microfluidics and optics [46][47][48] .…”