Asymmetry in sprinting: An insight into sub‐10 and sub‐11 s men and women sprinters

Bissas, Athanassios; Walker, Josh; Paradisis, Giorgos; Hanley, Brian; Tucker, Catherine B.; Jongerius, Nils; Thomas, Aaron; Merlino, Stéphane; Vazel, Pierre; Girard, Olivier

doi:10.1111/sms.14068

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Based on the current results, this is more important for men, and training such muscle groups is required, as the same knee angle at TO post was more flexed in men than women (Table 1, p = 0.003). Unlike flat sprinting where following TD both men and women encounter a knee depression of ∼17 • (Bissas et al, 2018a(Bissas et al, ,b, 2022, before their knee returns to TD levels (∼154 • ) to support the take-off of the whole body, in hurdling as our data indicates, the depression during landing following the hurdle clearance is not reversible. As a result of this, the knee angle at TO following landing corresponds for most athletes to the point of maximum knee flexion.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…The Direct Linear Transformation algorithm (Abdel-Aziz et al, 2015) was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional coordinates from individual camera's x-and y-image coordinates. The reliability of this digitizing process has been described in previous studies using the same methodological approach (including same operator) (Bezodis et al, 2019;Bissas et al, 2022). In addition, as timeseries data are being compared here, one joint angle (lead leg knee angle) for a randomly selected athlete was digitized throughout the entire analyzed phase on two occasions separated by a 48h interval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinematic and Temporal Differences Between World-Class Men's and Women's Hurdling Techniques

Bissas

Paradisis

Hanley

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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This study aimed to compare joint kinematics and center of mass parameters throughout hurdle clearance between world-class men and women sprint hurdlers, who were competing in a World Championships final. This was the first study to present time-series kinematic data around hurdle clearance, and given the technical ability of the athletes analyzed, it can be used as a template when analyzing the technique of other athletes in similar competitions and training. Video data were collected of the 16 finalists at the 2017 IAAF World Championships using four high-speed cameras (150 Hz). Video files were continuously digitized manually from touchdown before hurdle clearance to toe-off after landing around the sixth hurdle for men and the fifth hurdle for women, and sex-based comparisons were made at key discrete time points using independent t-tests, and throughout the entire hurdle phase using statistical parametric mapping. When calculated relative to hurdle height, the women's center of mass height was significantly greater than the men's throughout the full analyzed sequence (p < 0.001). Men also displayed more hip flexion in the lead leg at take-off before hurdle clearance (p = 0.029) as well as a more extended knee joint at intervals during flight and upon landing (p ≤ 0.037). Women completed the hurdle phase in a significantly shorter time than men (~11% difference, p < 0.001). Finally, women seemed to be more efficient by maintaining and even exceeding their entry velocity for the first 40% of the hurdle phase. These results show a lower technical demand for the women to successfully negotiate hurdle clearance, thus providing further evidence to support the argument that the women's hurdle height is too low for their performance capabilities and should be raised in senior competition.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic and Temporal Differences Between World-Class Men's and Women's Hurdling Techniques

Bissas

Paradisis

Hanley

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Overall, horizontal force production variables displayed the largest inter-limb differences (Figure 4), suggesting that a more pronounced forward-oriented asymmetrical response is a biomechanical trait of repeated treadmill sprints. Although not a universal finding [24], similar observations have been made for single [25] and multiple 'all out' running bouts [8,22]. Previously, Bissas et al [25] observed considerable variability in mechanical variables among the finalists of the men's and women's 100 m events during the 2017 IAAF World Championship.…”

Section: Sa Scores Are Metric-dependentmentioning

confidence: 53%

No Effect of EVA and TPU Custom Foot Orthoses on Mechanical Asymmetries during Acute Intense Fatigue

2023

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This study examined the impact of custom foot orthoses made of ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) and expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials, both compared to a control condition (CON; shoes only), on mechanical asymmetries during repeated treadmill sprints. Eighteen well-trained male runners executed eight, 5-s sprints (rest: 25 s) on an instrumented motorized treadmill in three footwear conditions (EVA, TPU, and CON). We evaluated the group mean asymmetry scores using the ‘symmetry angle’ (SA) formula, which assigns a score of 0% for perfect symmetry and a score of 100% for perfect asymmetry. There was no condition (all p ≥ 0.053) or time (p ≥ 0.074) main effects, nor were there any significant time × condition interactions on SA scores for any variables (p ≥ 0.640). Mean vertical, horizontal, and total forces presented mean SA values (pooled values for the three conditions) of 2.6 ± 1.9%, 2.9 ± 1.6%, and 2.4 ± 1.8%, respectively. Mean SA scores were ~1–3% for contact time (1.5 ± 0.5%), flight time (3.0 ± 0.3%), step frequency (1.1 ± 0.5%), step length (1.9 ± 0.7%), vertical stiffness (2.1 ± 0.9%), and leg stiffness (2.4 ± 1.1%). Mean SA scores were ~2–6.5% for duration of braking (4.1 ± 1.6%) and propulsive (2.4 ± 1.0%) phases, and peak braking (6.2 ± 2.9%) and propulsive (2.1 ± 1.4%) forces. In well-trained runners facing intense fatigue, wearing custom foot orthoses did not modify the observed low-to-moderate natural stride mechanical asymmetries.

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“…A plethora of information exists on the running requirements (i.e. distances, velocities) of EPL players but very limited information exists on player's running styles and interlimb asymmetries despite similar research in other sporting populations (Tucker and Hanley, 2020 ; Bissas et al, 2022 ). In terms of measurements which relate to kicking, it is not surprising that there exists an abundance of information on the knee extensor and flexor strength given the reported links with hamstring strain injuries (Lee et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-limb asymmetries and kicking limb preference in English premier league soccer players

Nicholson¹,

Bennett²,

Thomas³

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The aims of this study were: (1) to quantify interlimb asymmetries in EPL soccer players in the context of kicking limb preference and (2) to establish the relationship between interlimb asymmetries and measures of physical performance. Twenty-two players (age: 21.8 ± 4.4 years) from an EPL club performed a running gait assessment (20 km/h) and unilateral countermovement jumps, a CoD assessment (modified 505 test), and an isokinetic knee extension/flexion protocol using each leg. Asymmetries were quantified using the percentage difference method and Pearson's correlations were used to quantify the association between variables. Players displayed the greatest level of asymmetry in isokinetic strength measures (5.9–12.7%) and lower levels of asymmetry in gait (1.6–7.7%), jump (0.9–7.0%) and CoD (1.9–3.5%) assessments. The influence of the preferred kicking limb was most evident in the isokinetic assessment with the players showing dominance in the preferred limb for knee flexor strength and in the non-preferred limb for knee extensor strength. These manifested in the asymmetry values calculated for the hamstring:quadricep (H:Q) ratios at 60°/s (8.80 ± 7.82%) and 240°/s (11.22 ± 7.04%) and in the functional H:Q ratio (12.67 ± 8.25%). The asymmetry values for peak extensor moment at 240°/s showed a significant correlation (ρ = −0.55, p = 0.034) with 10 m time in the CoD assessment. These findings provide benchmark asymmetry data for soccer practitioners and reveal that kicking limb preferences may bring about interlimb differences in the H:Q ratio which raises important considerations in the design of testing batteries and injury reduction interventions.

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Asymmetry in sprinting: An insight into sub‐10 and sub‐11 s men and women sprinters

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Kinematic and Temporal Differences Between World-Class Men's and Women's Hurdling Techniques

Kinematic and Temporal Differences Between World-Class Men's and Women's Hurdling Techniques

No Effect of EVA and TPU Custom Foot Orthoses on Mechanical Asymmetries during Acute Intense Fatigue

Inter-limb asymmetries and kicking limb preference in English premier league soccer players

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