Asymmetry in Elementary Events of Magnetization Reversal in a Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Bilayer

Никитенко, В. И.; Gornakov, V. S.; Shapiro, Alexander J.; Shull, Robert D.; Liu, K; Zhou, Shiming; Chien, C. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.84.765

Cited by 195 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Thus, this model also seems reasonable for the samples examined here. This assumption is supported by the fact that the switching mechanism of the FeMn/Co system was clearly identified to be domain nucleation and wall motion [41,42].…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Preparation and characterisation of epitaxial Pt/Cu/FeMn/Co thin films on (100)‐oriented MgO single crystals

Schmidt

Gräfe

Audehm

et al. 2015

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.FeMn/Co thin-films, a purely metallic exchange-bias system, were prepared on (100)-oriented MgO single crystals. The layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The crystalline and magnetic properties could be tuned by using sputtered Pt buffer layers deposited at variable temperatures. A transition of the crystalline orientation from (111)-terminated layers at lower deposition temperatures to (100)-terminated layers at temperatures higher than 950 K was established and the impact on the magnetic sample properties was investigated. Here, the detailed sample preparation process is shown together with low energy electron diffraction (LEED), medium energy electron diffraction (MEED), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealing the samples structure and composition. The crystalline orientation of Pt was imprinted to the magnetic layer stack and clearly influenced the exchangebias (EB) and coercive field (H C ) as shown by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements. Furthermore, a correlation between the crystallite size and the temperature dependent magnetic properties could be identified.

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Preparation and characterisation of epitaxial Pt/Cu/FeMn/Co thin films on (100)‐oriented MgO single crystals

Schmidt

Gräfe

Audehm

et al. 2015

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…In general, rotation processes are more relevant in one branch of the hysteresis loop, in which a larger density of domains during irreversible domain nucleation processes is also observed. 25,28,29,35,36 For some systems, rounded transitions in M ʈ and larger M Ќ values are found in the descending branch, 20,21,[25][26][27][28][34][35][36] where the field is applied parallel to the exchange-bias direction, while other systems display the opposite behavior. [21][22][23][24][25][29][30][31][32][33] Our results indicate that this discrepancy is related to the difference between a collinear and a noncollinear anisotropy case.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asymmetries in the magnetization reversal have been observed for many FM/AFM systems with both in-plane [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and perpendicular 35,36 anisotropy for the FM layer. In general, rotation processes are more relevant in one branch of the hysteresis loop, in which a larger density of domains during irreversible domain nucleation processes is also observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of noncollinear anisotropies from interfacial magnetic frustration in exchange-bias systems

et al. 2009

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Exchange bias, referred to the interaction between a ferromagnet ͑FM͒ and an antiferromagnet ͑AFM͒, is a fundamental interfacial magnetic phenomenon, which is key to current and future applications. The effect was discovered half a century ago, and it is well established that the spin structures at the FM/AFM interface play an essential role. However, currently, ad hoc phenomenological anisotropies are often postulated without microscopic justification or sufficient experimental evidence to address magnetization-reversal behavior in exchange-bias systems. We advance toward a detailed microscopic understanding of the magnetic anisotropies in exchange-bias FM/AFM systems by showing that symmetry-breaking anisotropies leave a distinct fingerprint in the asymmetry of the magnetization reversal and we demonstrate how these emerging anisotropies are correlated with the intrinsic anisotropy. Angular and vectorial resolved Kerr hysteresis loops from FM/AFM bilayers with varying degree of ferromagnetic anisotropy reveal a noncollinear anisotropy, which becomes important for ferromagnets with vanishing intrinsic anisotropy. Numerical simulations show that this anisotropy naturally arises from the inevitable spin frustration at an atomically rough FM/AFM interface. As a consequence, we show in detail how the differences observed for different materials during magnetization reversal can be understood in general terms as originating from the interplay between interfacial frustration and intrinsic anisotropies. This understanding will certainly open additional avenues to tailor future advanced magnetic materials.

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“…In the cross-tie arrangement the magnetic flux of the long-range magnetic tails is partially closed in the vicinity of the walls. The occurrence of cross-tie walls in low anisotropy Ni 81 Fe 19 films is limited to a narrow t F range. Below t F ≈ 10 nm 180 • Néel walls and above t F ≈ 100 nm asymmetric Bloch walls form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One indication of such an interaction in exchange biased samples is derived from magnetometry and magnetoresistance measurements [15]- [18] as well as magnetic domain observations [19]- [25], which reveal asymmetric remagnetization processes. Nevertheless, no direct observation of the magnetic domain wall structure itself has been made so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Domain wall asymmetries in Ni₈₁Fe₁₉/NiO: proof of variable anisotropies in exchange bias systems

McCord¹,

Schäfer

2009

New J. Phys.

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View the article online for updates and enhancements. Abstract. Multiple changes in the internal structure of magnetic domain walls due to alterations of the interfacial coupling across the ferromagnetic/ antiferromagnetic interface are reported for Ni 81 Fe 19 /NiO exchange coupled films. Depending on the antiferromagnetically induced anisotropy, three different types of domain walls are observed. Cross-tie domain wall structures of decreased vortex to anti-vortex spacing develop with the addition of a thin antiferromagnetic layer. For exchange biased samples strong asymmetries in domain wall structure occur for the ascending and descending branch of the magnetization loop. For the descending branch a symmetric 180 • Néel wall develops, whereas a folded cross-tie domain wall structure forms during magnetization reversal along the ascending loop branch. The novel type of 'zigzagged' cross-tie wall is characterized by cross-ties reaching differently into the surrounding domain areas. The wall alterations indicate the existence of bi-modal coupling strengths in exchange coupled systems, which is in accordance with models of exchange bias that assume pinned and unpinned spins at the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic interface.

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Asymmetry in Elementary Events of Magnetization Reversal in a Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Bilayer

Cited by 195 publications

References 21 publications

Preparation and characterisation of epitaxial Pt/Cu/FeMn/Co thin films on (100)‐oriented MgO single crystals

Preparation and characterisation of epitaxial Pt/Cu/FeMn/Co thin films on (100)‐oriented MgO single crystals

Emergence of noncollinear anisotropies from interfacial magnetic frustration in exchange-bias systems

Domain wall asymmetries in Ni₈₁Fe₁₉/NiO: proof of variable anisotropies in exchange bias systems

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Asymmetry in Elementary Events of Magnetization Reversal in a Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Bilayer

Cited by 195 publications

References 21 publications

Preparation and characterisation of epitaxial Pt/Cu/FeMn/Co thin films on (100)‐oriented MgO single crystals

Preparation and characterisation of epitaxial Pt/Cu/FeMn/Co thin films on (100)‐oriented MgO single crystals

Emergence of noncollinear anisotropies from interfacial magnetic frustration in exchange-bias systems

Domain wall asymmetries in Ni81Fe19/NiO: proof of variable anisotropies in exchange bias systems

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Domain wall asymmetries in Ni₈₁Fe₁₉/NiO: proof of variable anisotropies in exchange bias systems