Asymmetrical distribution of δ and PP cells in human pancreatic islets

Barbieux, Charlotte; Parnaud, Géraldine; Lavallard, Vanessa; Brioudes, Estelle; Meyer, Jérémy; Ahmed, Mohamed Alibashe; Berishvili, Ekaterine; Berney, Thierry; Bosco, Domenico

doi:10.1530/joe-15-0542

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…A higher percentage of glucagon-producing cells within the islet improves the glucose responsiveness 23,24 . By contrast, somatostatin exerts inhibitory effects on insulin and glucagon secretion 25,26 . A uniform distribution of α-, β- and δ-cells therefore reduces islet heterogeneity and variations for in vitro testing of islet function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose, adrenaline and palmitate antagonistically regulate insulin and glucagon secretion in human pseudoislets

Lorza‐Gil

Gerst

Oquendo³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Isolated human islets do not always meet the quality standards required for transplant survival and reliable functional in vitro studies. The formation of pseudoislets, i.e. the reaggregation of a defined number of islet cells after dissociation, improves insulin secretion. We present a simple method of pseudoislet formation from human islet cells and assess the transcriptome and function of isolated human islets and pseudoislets from the same organ donors. Following pseudoislet formation, insulin content/DNA and mRNA/RPS13 resembled that of islets. In pseudoislets, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was significantly higher (8–13-fold) than in islets (2–4-fold). GSIS of pseudoislets was partly inhibited by the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist exendin-9. The stimulatory effects of palmitate and forskolin at 12 mM glucose were also significantly higher in pseudoislets than in islets. Further analysis of pseudoislets revealed that regulation of secretion and insulin and glucagon content was maintained over a longer culture period (6–14 d). While adrenaline inhibited GSIS, adrenaline together with palmitate stimulated glucagon secretion 2-fold at low glucose, an effect suppressed by high glucose. Transcriptome analysis revealed that, unlike islets, pseudoislets were deprived of exocrine and endothelial cells. In conclusion, pseudoislet formation restores functional integrity of human islet cells and allows long-term in vitro testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose, adrenaline and palmitate antagonistically regulate insulin and glucagon secretion in human pseudoislets

Lorza‐Gil

Gerst

Oquendo³

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…There is also evidence that in larger human islets, sub-islet anatomical clusters exist, comprising a core of beta-cells surrounded by alpha-and delta-cells [9]. The alpha-cells were found to be equally distributed between the islet periphery and adjacent to the islet core capillaries, but PP-cell presence was higher in the islet mantle while delta-cells were more abundant in the core [10]. No differences were found between the head and tail of the human pancreas with respect to delta-cell presence, although PP cells are more abundant in the tail.…”

Section: Anatomical Architecture and Vasculature Of Islets Of Langerhansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Intra-Islet Communication in the Function and Plasticity of the Islets of Langerhans during Health and Diabetes

Hill,

Hill

2024

IJMS

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Islets of Langerhans are anatomically dispersed within the pancreas and exhibit regulatory coordination between islets in response to nutritional and inflammatory stimuli. However, within individual islets, there is also multi-faceted coordination of function between individual beta-cells, and between beta-cells and other endocrine and vascular cell types. This is mediated partly through circulatory feedback of the major secreted hormones, insulin and glucagon, but also by autocrine and paracrine actions within the islet by a range of other secreted products, including somatostatin, urocortin 3, serotonin, glucagon-like peptide-1, acetylcholine, and ghrelin. Their availability can be modulated within the islet by pericyte-mediated regulation of microvascular blood flow. Within the islet, both endocrine progenitor cells and the ability of endocrine cells to trans-differentiate between phenotypes can alter endocrine cell mass to adapt to changed metabolic circumstances, regulated by the within-islet trophic environment. Optimal islet function is precariously balanced due to the high metabolic rate required by beta-cells to synthesize and secrete insulin, and they are susceptible to oxidative and endoplasmic reticular stress in the face of high metabolic demand. Resulting changes in paracrine dynamics within the islets can contribute to the emergence of Types 1, 2 and gestational diabetes.

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“…Moreover, it is believed that, in mosaic Comparative Endocrinology of Animals 4 islets, the cells are located without clear ordering. In some studies [25,33,34], it was indicated that mixed (mosaic) islets of Langerhans have a clear, ordered structure. Within these islets, segments restricted by blood vessels have been identified.…”

Section: Pancreas Structure In Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of the Human Pancreas

Proshchina¹,

Krivova²,

Гуревич³

et al. 2019

Comparative Endocrinology of Animals

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Pancreatic disorders are the most common pathologies in humans worldwide. Detailed information on pancreatic cytoarchitecture, vascularisation, innervation, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation is required for the development of new approaches to the treatment of these diseases. Currently, the majority of studies on pancreas development are performed on experimental animals (mainly rodents). Studies on human pancreatic prenatal development are restricted in number by ethical constraints and some technical difficulties. However, interspecies differences in pancreatic structure and development are considerable. Therefore, data obtained in experiments on animals and cell cultures must be supplemented with information obtained directly from human pancreatic autopsies. In this chapter, we summarise our previous results and the literature data on human pancreatic ontogeny. Special attention has been paid to the endocrine pancreas, which undergoes morphogenetic restructuring during human development. Several forms of structural organisation of the endocrine pancreas (single endocrine cells, small clusters of endocrine cells, mantle, bipolar, and mosaic islets) gradually appear during development. It is important that this restructuring is accompanied by changes in the ratio of pancreatic endocrine cells. The mechanisms of these changes are still unclear. The difficulties in identifying progenitor cells and tracking cell differentiation are the main problems associated with this issue.

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Asymmetrical distribution of δ and PP cells in human pancreatic islets

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Glucose, adrenaline and palmitate antagonistically regulate insulin and glucagon secretion in human pseudoislets

Glucose, adrenaline and palmitate antagonistically regulate insulin and glucagon secretion in human pseudoislets

The Importance of Intra-Islet Communication in the Function and Plasticity of the Islets of Langerhans during Health and Diabetes

Ontogeny of the Human Pancreas

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