Asymmetric sensitivity of first flowering date to warming and cooling in alpine plants

Wang, S. P.; Meng, Fanyu; Duan, Jichuan; Wang, Y. F.; Cui, Xiaoyong; Piao, Shilong; Niu, Haishan; Xu, Guangping; Luo, Caiyun; Zhang, Z. H.; Zhu, Xiaoxue; Shen, Miaogen; Li, Y. N.; Du, Mingyuan; Tang, Yanhong; Zhao, Xinquan; Ciais, Philippe; Kimball, Bruce A.; Peñuelas, Josep; Janssens, Ivan A.; Cui, Shujuan; Zhao, Liang; Zhang, F. W.

doi:10.1890/13-2235.1

Cited by 71 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…Firstly, similar to first flowering events studied in a previous report (Wang et al 2014a), the response of fruiting to warming and cooling differed in direction and magnitude (Fig. 2), implying that short term cooling (e.g.…”

Section: Accepted Articlesupporting

confidence: 76%

“…intervals, and the data were stored in a data logger. Annual average soil temperatures at 5-cm soil depths for 2008-2010 were 3.9, 2.5, 2.0, and 0.4 °C at 3200, 3400, 3600, and 3800 m, respectively (Wang et al 2014a). …”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 97%

“…2011;Cook et al 2012;Wolkovich et al 2012;Wang et al 2014a). Plants may face trade-offs between the adjustment of one phenological event to temperature and the timing of subsequent events during the growing season (Post et al 2008;Sherry et al 2007Sherry et al , 2011 Haggerty and Galloway 2011; Dorji et al, 2013;CaraDonna et al 2014;Wang et al 2014b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The correlations were not corrected, and a p-value was added to each Pearson correlation coefficient. Significant differences are reported in the text at p<0.05.The response of FFD to the change in soil temperature was fitted with three types of models: linear, exponential, and piecewise linear (segmented) regression (Wang et al 2014a; Iler et al 2013). The fit of the models was compared based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC) (Iler et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…asymmetric, unequal responses to warming vs. cooling), whereas models with ∆AIC <2 were considered to have equal fits to the data (i.e. symmetric, equal responses to warming vs. cooling) (Wang et al 2014a; Iler et al 2013). …”

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confidence: 99%

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Relatively stable response of fruiting stage to warming and cooling relative to other phenological events

Jiang

Wang

Meng

et al. 2016

Ecology

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The timing of the fruit-set stage (i.e. start and end of fruit set) is crucial in a plant's life cycle, but its response to temperature change is still unclear. We investigated the timing of seven phenological events, including fruit-set dates during 3 years for six alpine plants transplanted to warmer (+ ~3.5 °C in soils) and cooler (-~3.5 °C in soils) locations along an altitudinal gradient in the Tibetan area. We found that fruit-set dates remained relatively stable under both warming and cooling during the 3-years transplant experiment. Three earlier phenological events (emergence of first leaf, first bud set, and first flowering) and two later phenological events (first leaf coloring and complete leaf coloring) were earlier by 4.8-8.2 days °C -1 and later by 3.2-7.1 days °C -1 in response to warming. Conversely, cooling delayed the three earlier events by 3.8-6.9 days °C -1 and advanced the two later events by 3.2-8.1 days °C -1 for all plant species. The timing of the first and/or last fruit-set dates, however, did not change significantly compared to earlier and later phenological events.Statistical analyses also showed that the dates of fruit set were not significantly correlated or had lower correlations with changes of soil temperature relative to the earlier and later phenological events. Alpine plants may thus acclimate to changes in temperature for their fruiting function by maintaining relatively stable timings of fruit set compared with other phenological events to maximize the success of seed maturation and dispersal in response to short-term warming or cooling.Keywords: phenological sequence; seed-production stage; alpine plants; early-spring flowering plants; mid-summer flowering plants; temperature change; Tibetan plateau Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. IntroductionMost studies of the response of phenological events to temperature have been based on the analysis of events early or late in the season such as leaf onset, first flowering, and senescence (Walker et al. 2006, Amano et al. 2010, Yu et al. 2010Shen et al. 2011; Piao et al. 2011;Cook et al. 2012;Wolkovich et al. 2012;Wang et al. 2014a). Plants may face trade-offs between the adjustment of one phenological event to temperature and the timing of subsequent events during the growing season (Post et al. 2008;Sherry et al. 2007Sherry et al. , 2011 Haggerty and Galloway 2011; Dorji et al., 2013;CaraDonna et al. 2014;Wang et al. 2014b). This is illustrated by Fig. 1. Changes of flowering dates may alter the timing of fruit maturation, whereas fruit phenology in turn determines seed maturation and dispersal, which further feeds back on the diversity of species in an ecosystem (Primack 1987). The response of timing of fruiting to warming relative to other phenological events is still unclear because of inconsistent results from different plant species (Post et al. 2008; Haggerty and Galloway 2011;Sherry et al. 2007) and because few studies have analyzed the effects from both warming an...

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Section: Accepted Articlesupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relatively stable response of fruiting stage to warming and cooling relative to other phenological events

Jiang

Wang

Meng

et al. 2016

Ecology

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Warming decreased and grazing increased plant uptake of amino acids in an alpine meadow

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Organic nitrogen (N) uptake by plants has been recognized as a significant component of terrestrial N cycle. Several studies indicated that plants have the ability to switch their preference between inorganic and organic forms of N in diverse environments; however, research on plant community response in organic nitrogen uptake to warming and grazing is scarce. Here, we demonstrated that organic N uptake by an alpine plant community decreased under warming with 13C–15N‐enriched glycine addition method. After 6 years of treatment, warming decreased plant organic N uptake by 37% as compared to control treatment. Under the condition of grazing, warming reduced plant organic N uptake by 44%. Grazing alone significantly increased organic N absorption by 15%, whereas under warming condition grazing did not affect organic N uptake by the Kobresia humilis community on Tibetan Plateau. Besides, soil NO 3–N content explained more than 70% of the variability observed in glycine uptake, and C:N ratio in soil dissolved organic matter remarkably increased under warming treatment. These results suggested warming promoted soil microbial activity and dissolved organic N mineralization. Grazing stimulated organic N uptake by plants, which counteracted the effect of warming.

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Nonlinear response of ecosystem respiration to multiple levels of temperature increases

Chen

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Global warming exerts profound impacts on terrestrial carbon cycles and feedback to climates. Ecosystem respiration (ER) is one of the main components of biosphere CO2 fluxes. However, knowledge regarding how ER responds to warming is still lacking. In this study, a manipulative experiment with five simulated temperature increases (+0℃ [Control], +2.1℃ [warming 1, W1], +2.7℃ [warming 2, W2], +3.2℃ [warming 3, W3], +3.9℃ [warming 4, W4]) was conducted to investigate ER responses to warming in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau. The results showed that ER was suppressed by warming both in dry and wet years. The responses of ER to warming all followed a nonlinear pattern. The nonlinear processes can be divided into three stages, the quick‐response stage (W1), stable stage (W1–W3), and transition stage (W4). Compared with the nonlinear model, the linear model maximally overestimated the response ratios of ER to warming 2.2% and 3.2% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, and maximally underestimated the ratio 7.0% and 2.7%. The annual differences in ER responding to warming were mainly attributed to the distinct seasonal distribution of precipitation. Specially, we found that the abrupt shift response of ER to warming under W4 treatment in 2015, which might be regulated by the excitatory effect of precipitation after long‐term drought in the mid‐growing season. This study highlights the importance of the nonlinearity of warming effects on ER, which should be taken into the global‐C‐cycling models for better predicting future carbon–climate feedbacks.

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Asymmetric sensitivity of first flowering date to warming and cooling in alpine plants

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Relatively stable response of fruiting stage to warming and cooling relative to other phenological events

Relatively stable response of fruiting stage to warming and cooling relative to other phenological events

Warming decreased and grazing increased plant uptake of amino acids in an alpine meadow

Nonlinear response of ecosystem respiration to multiple levels of temperature increases

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