Asymmetric exhumation across the Pyrenean orogen: implications for the tectonic evolution of a collisional orogen

Fitzgerald, Paul G.; Muñoz, J. A.; Coney, Peter J.; Baldwin, Suzanne L.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00225-3

Cited by 213 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…16), which produced major crustal thickening, surface uplift and expansive molasse sedimentation in both foreland basins (Beaumont et al, 2000;Vergés et al, 2002;Biteau et al, 2006;Teixell et al, 2016). In parallel, rapid exhumation-related cooling, recorded by thermochronology, took place in the Axial Zone, and continued until the Miocene (Fitzgerald et al, 1999;Sinclair et al, 2005;Jolivet et al, 2007;Metcalf et al, 2009;Bosch et al 2016;Labaume et al, 2016a,b). Teixell et al (2016) propose that by late-mid to late Eocene times the stretched and pulled-apart tracts of lower crust (Fig.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crustal structure and evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt: A review and new interpretations from recent concepts and data

et al. 2018

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International audienceThis paper provides a synthesis of current data and interpretations on the crustal structure of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian orogenic belt, and presents new tectonic models for representative transects. The Pyrenean orogeny lasted from Santonian (~84 Ma) to early Miocene times (~20 Ma), and consisted of a spatial and temporal succession of oceanic crust/exhumed mantle subduction, rift inversion and continental collision processes at the Iberia-Eurasia plate boundary. A good coverage by active-source (vertical-incidence and wide-angle reflection) and passive-source (receiver functions) seismic studies, coupled with surface data have led to a reasonable knowledge of the present-day crustal architecture of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt, although questions remain. Seismic imaging reveals a persistent structure, from the central Pyrenees to the central Cantabrian Mountains, consisting of a wedge of Eurasian lithosphere indented into the thicker Iberian plate, whose lower crust is detached and plunges northwards into the mantle. For the Pyrenees, a new scheme of relationships between the southern upper crustal thrust sheets and the Axial Zone is here proposed. For the Cantabrian belt, the depth reached by the N-dipping Iberian crust and the structure of the margin are also revised.The common occurrence of lherzolite bodies in the northern Pyrenees and the seismic velocity and potential field record of the Bay of Biscay indicate that the precursor of the Pyrenees was a hyperextended and strongly segmented rift system, where narrow domains of exhumed mantle separated the thinned Iberian and Eurasian continental margins since the Albian-Cenomanian. The exhumed mantle in the Pyrenean rift was largely covered by a Mesozoic sedimentary lid that had locally glided along detachments in Triassic evaporites. Continental margin collision in the Pyrenees was preceded by subduction of the exhumed mantle, accompanied by the pop-up thrust expulsion of the off-scraped sedimentary lid above. To the west, oceanic subduction of the Bay of Biscay under the North Iberian margin is supported by an upper plate thrust wedge, gravity and magnetic anomalies, and 3D inclined sub-crustal reflections. However, discrepancies remain for the location of continent-ocean transitions in the Bay of Biscay and for the extent of oceanic subduction. The plate-kinematic evolution during the Mesozoic, which involves issues as the timing and total amount of opening, as well as the role of strike-slip drift, is also under debate, discrepancies arising from first-order interpretations of the adjacent oceanic magnetic anomaly record

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Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crustal structure and evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt: A review and new interpretations from recent concepts and data

et al. 2018

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“…The stratigraphy of our study area runs from Ordovician to Devonian with Tardi-Hercynian intrusions. The network of faulting is dense and complex, roughly following an ENE-WSW axis, but reported as showing little activity when compared to other ranges' exhumation rates (Fitzgerald et al, 1999;Lynn, 2005).…”

Section: General Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description and analysis of the debris flows occurred during 2008 in the Eastern Pyrenees

Portilla

Chevalier

Hürlimann

2010

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Rainfall-triggered landslides taking place in the Spanish Eastern Pyrenees have usually been analysed on a regional scale. Most research focussed either on terrain susceptibility or on the characteristics of the critical rainfall, neglecting a detailed analysis of individual events. In contrast to other mountainous regions, research on debris flow has only been performed marginally and associated hazard has mostly been neglected.In this study, five debris flows, which occurred in 2008, are selected; and site specific descriptions and analysis regarding geology, morphology, rainfall data and runout were performed. The results are compared with worldwide data and some conclusions on hazard assessment are presented.The five events can be divided into two in-channel debris flows and three landslide-triggered debris flows. The inchannel generated debris flows exceeded 10 000 m 3 , which are unusually large mass movements compared to historic events which occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees. In contrast, the other events mobilised total volumes less than 2000 m 3 . The geomorphologic analysis showed that the studied events emphasize similar patterns when compared to published data focussing on slope angle in the initiation zone or catchment area.Rainfall data revealed that all debris flows were triggered by high intensity-short duration rainstorms during the summer season. Unfortunately, existing rainfall thresholds in the Eastern Pyrenees consider long-lasting rainfall, usually occurring in autumn/winter. Therefore, new thresholds should be established taking into account the rainfall peak intensity in mm/h, which seems to be a much more relevant factor for summer than the event's total precipitation.Correspondence to: M. Portilla (modesto.portilla@upc.edu)The runout analysis of the 2008 debris flows confirms the trend that larger volumes generally induce higher mobility. The numerical simulation of the Riu Runer event shows that its dynamic behaviour is well represented by Voellmy fluid rheology. A maximum front velocity of 7 m/s was backanalysed for the transit section and even on the fan velocities larger than 2 m/s were obtained.This preliminary analysis of the major Eastern Pyrenean debris flows represents the first background for future studies. Additional research on other events is necessary to support the results presented herein, and to properly assess and reduce hazard related to debris flows.

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“…12; e.g. Fitzgerald 2002;Fitzgerald et al 1999Fitzgerald et al , 2006. Thus, no cooling history younger than Late Cretaceous is recorded by the used methods.…”

Section: Aft and Ahe Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Elevation of the samples plotted against their AHe age showing a cluster at around 80 Ma indicating that they passed the PRZ at that time (e.g. Fitzgerald 2002;Fitzgerald et al 1999Fitzgerald et al , 2006. Arrows indicate shifting of the age after recalculating (further details are explained in the text).…”

Section: Aft and Ahe Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhumation and uplift of the Sierras Pampeanas: preliminary implications from K–Ar fault gouge dating and low-T thermochronology in the Sierra de Comechingones (Argentina)

Löbens

Bense

Wemmer

et al. 2010

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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The Sierras Pampeanas in central and northwestern Argentina constitute a distinct morphotectonic feature between 27°S and 33°S. The last stage of uplift and deformation in this area are interpreted to be closely related to the Andean flat-slab subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South American plate. K-Ar fault gouge dating and low-temperature thermochronology along two transects within the Sierra de Comechingones reveal a minimum age for the onset of brittle deformation about 340 Ma, very low exhumation rates since Late Paleozoic time, as well as a total exhumation of about 2.3 km since the Late Cretaceous. New Ar-Ar ages (7.54-1.91 Ma) of volcanic rocks from the San Luis volcanic belt support the eastward propagation of the flat-slab magmatic front, confirming the onset of flat-slab related deformation in this region at 11.2 Ma. Although low-temperature thermochronology does not clearly constrain the signal of the Andean uplift, it is understood that the current structural relief related to the Comechingones range has been achieved after the exhumation of both fault walls (circa 80-70 Ma).

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Asymmetric exhumation across the Pyrenean orogen: implications for the tectonic evolution of a collisional orogen

Cited by 213 publications

References 38 publications

Crustal structure and evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt: A review and new interpretations from recent concepts and data

Crustal structure and evolution of the Pyrenean-Cantabrian belt: A review and new interpretations from recent concepts and data

Description and analysis of the debris flows occurred during 2008 in the Eastern Pyrenees

Exhumation and uplift of the Sierras Pampeanas: preliminary implications from K–Ar fault gouge dating and low-T thermochronology in the Sierra de Comechingones (Argentina)

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