“…shows that individuals may be communicating to other heterospecific prey (Goodale & Kotagama, 2006), the same functional response may occur when others simply listen to this broadcast signal, regardless of the intended recipient . There is evidence, however, that many heterospecifics do listen to the information in mobbing calls (Carlson, Greene, et al, 2020;Carlson, Healy, et al, 2020;Coppinger et al, 2020;Ito & Mori, 2010;Munoz, Brandstetter, Esgro, Greene, & Blumstein, 2015;Templeton & Greene, 2007) and these calls may be a driving factor in the formation of many mixed-species-flocks (Goodale, Beauchamp, Magrath, Nieh, & Ruxton, 2010;Goodale & Kotagama, 2008;Sridhar, Beauchamp, & Shanker, 2009;Sridhar, Jordán, & Shanker, 2013).…”