Asymmetric Damage Segregation Constitutes an Emergent Population-Level Stress Response

Vedel, Søren; Nunns, Harry; Košmrlj, Andrej; Semsey, Szabolcs; Trusina, Ala

doi:10.1016/j.cels.2016.06.008

Cited by 45 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Interestingly, modern bacteria also demonstrate similar changes to stress both forming networks and committing mass PCD [61] supporting a possible ancient origin for this process. In fact bacteria also show stressinduced asymmetric damage segregation at the population level with the benefit rising with greater stress [91]; this is of course similar to what happens in mitophagy. In this way a small amount of stress seems to induce a co-operative mitochondrial network within the cell that can transmit information and energy.…”

Section: Hormesis In Action-mitochondrial Networksupporting

confidence: 54%

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

Nunn¹,

Guy²,

Bell³

2017

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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We are able to read this because of quantum and thermodynamic principles that via an inorganic proton gradient, possibly generated 4.2 billion years ago, gave rise to a system that has an awareness of time and space by using energy to integrate information. Life can be described as a dissipative system driven by an energy gradient that uses information to positively reinforce its self-sustaining structure, which in turn increases its non-linear decisional capacity. Key in the evolution of life has been stress coupled to natural selection, which usually meant an increased demand for energy. As hormesis describes the adaptive response to stress, we propose that hormesis embraces not only the evolution of life, but that of intelligence itself, as natural selection would favour systems that enhances its efficiency. A component of the hormetic response in eukaryotes is the mitochondrion, which itself relies on quantum effects such as tunnelling. This suggests that quantum effects control the stability of individual cells as well as long-lived cellular networks. Hormesis, which can be anti-inflammatory, is therefore key in maintaining the functional stability of complex systems, including the brain. In contrast, a lack of classical hormetic factors, such as physical activity, plant polyphenols, or calorie restriction, will lead to accelerated cognitive decline, which is associated with increased inflammation. However, there may be another previously unidentified factor that could also be considered hormetic, and that is thinking itself. Here we propose that the process of "thinking", and managing complex movement, induces "stress" in the neuronal system and is therefore in itself part of maintaining cognitive health and reserve throughout life. In effect, the right amount of thinking and information processing can beneficially induce adaptation, and this itself could be explainable by quantum thermodynamics.

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Section: Hormesis In Action-mitochondrial Networksupporting

confidence: 54%

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

Nunn¹,

Guy²,

Bell³

2017

Int J Neurorehabilitation Eng

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“…In E. coli , damaged proteins tend to form aggregates that localize to the old pole from the previous cell division 45 . Recent single-cell lineage studies have shown that the degree of asymmetry in the damage partitioning process in E. coli was heritable, such that cells with more damage showed higher levels of asymmetric segregation of damaged proteins 46 . Continuous re-distribution of damaged proteins in individual cells was shown to be evolutionarily advantageous as it can enhance bacterial growth on a population level 46 .…”

Section: Strategies For the Epigenetic Inheritance Of Stress Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms for the epigenetic inheritance of stress response in single cells

Xue

Açar

2018

Curr Genet

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Cells have evolved to dynamically respond to different types of environmental and physiological stress conditions. The information about a previous stress stimulus experience by a mother cell can be passed to its descendants, allowing them to better adapt to and survive in new environments. In recent years, live-cell imaging combined with cell-lineage tracking approaches has elucidated many important principles that guide stress inheritance at the single-cell and population level. In this review, we summarize different strategies cells can employ to pass the ‘memory’ of previous stress responses to their descendants. Among these strategies, we focus on a recent discovery of how specific features of Msn2 nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling dynamics could be inherited across cell lineages. We also discuss how stress response can be transmitted to progenies through changes in chromatin and through partitioning of anti-stress factors and/or damaged macromolecules between mother and daughter cells during cell division. Finally, we highlight how emergent technologies will help address open questions in the field.

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“…An asymmetric distribution of cell mass after division constitutes a vital part of ageing in the 11 yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S.cerevisiae). The number of divisions before cell death is a measure 12 of the age of a single yeast cell, which has been studied substantially by means of experiments [1,2], 13 and it is called the replicative life span (RLS). The asymmetric division of the budding yeast results 14 in a large ageing mother cell with a finite RLS and a new small daughter cell with full replicative 15 potential [3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To 21 elucidate the interplay between the various constituents of these processes, theoretical approaches 22 are often implemented in addition to experimental methods. 23 Hitherto, multiple qualitative mathematical models of the accumulation of damage have been 24 developed [6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. One of the first models showed that even simple unicellular bacteria 25 undergo ageing as a means to cope with damage [6].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, damage repair 37 has been identified as a better strategy in terms of coping with damage compared to asymmetric 38 segregation [10]. Most recently, it was demonstrated that asymmetric segregation of damage in 39 E.coli is deleterious for the individual cell, but it is beneficial for the population as a whole [12]. 40 In general, these models include the five key properties cell growth, formation of damage, repair 41 of damage, cell division and cell death to a varying extent.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Repair, resilience and asymmetric segregation of damage in the context of replicative ageing: it is a balancing act

Borgqvist

Welkenhuysen

Cvijović

2018

Preprint

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Accumulation of damaged proteins is a hallmark of ageing, occurring in organisms ranging from bacteria and yeast to mammalian cells. During cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, damaged proteins are retained within the mother cell, resulting in a new daughter cell with full replicative potential and an ageing mother with a reduced replicative lifespan (RLS). The cell-specific features determining the lifespan remain elusive. It has been suggested that the RLS is dependent on the ability of the cell to repair and retain pre-existing damage. To deepen the understanding of how these factors influence the life span of individual cells, we developed and experimentally validated a dynamic model of damage accumulation accounting for replicative ageing. The model includes five essential properties: cell growth, damage formation, damage repair, cell division and cell death, represented in a theoretical framework describing the conditions allowing for replicative ageing, starvation, immortality or clonal senescence. We introduce the resilience to damage, which can be interpreted as the difference in volume between an old and a young cell. We show that the capacity to retain damage deteriorates with high age, that asymmetric division allows for retention of damage, and that there is a trade-off between retention and the resilience property. Finally, we derive the maximal degree of asymmetry as a function of resilience, proposing that asymmetric cell division is beneficial with respect to replicative ageing as it increases the RLS of a given organism. The proposed model contributes to a deeper understanding of the ageing process in eukaryotic organisms.

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Asymmetric Damage Segregation Constitutes an Emergent Population-Level Stress Response

Cited by 45 publications

References 34 publications

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

The Hormesis of Thinking: A Deeper Quantum Thermodynamic Perspective?

Mechanisms for the epigenetic inheritance of stress response in single cells

Repair, resilience and asymmetric segregation of damage in the context of replicative ageing: it is a balancing act

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