Asymmetric causality among carbon emission from agriculture, energy consumption, fertilizer, and cereal food production – A nonlinear analysis for Pakistan

Koondhar, Mansoor Ahmed; Udemba, Edmund Ntom; Cheng, Yang; Khan, Zaid Ashiq; Koondhar, Masroor Ali; Batool, Maria; Kong, Rong

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2021.101099

Cited by 65 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…We found that financial support for agriculture and chemical fertilizer use has a long−term association. The findings of us are similar to Koondhar et al [ 26 ] and Ismael et al [ 69 ]. However, we have not explored the causal relationship between financial support for agriculture and chemical fertilizer use.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Given these influencing factors, numerous scholars actively explore ways to reduce carbon emissions from agriculture. Koondhar et al [ 26 ] focused on Pakistan’s agricultural sector. They found that the farmers in Pakistan need to convert from chemical fertilizer and high−carbon energy consumption to organic fertilizer and clean energy consumption to ensure sustainable cereal food production in Pakistan.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Financial Support for Agriculture, Chemical Fertilizer Use, and Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Production in China

Guo

Tang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In the past 15 years, China has emitted the most carbon dioxide globally. The overuse of chemical fertilizer is an essential reason for agricultural carbon emissions. In recent years, China has paid more and more attention to financial support for agriculture. Therefore, understanding the relationship between chemical fertilizer use, financial support for agriculture, and agricultural carbon emissions will benefit sustainable agricultural production. To achieve the goal of our research, we selected the panel data of 30 provinces (cities) in China from 2000 to 2019 and employed a series of methods in this research. The results demonstrate that: the effect of chemical fertilizer consumption on agricultural carbon emissions is positive. Moreover, financial support for agriculture has a significantly positive impact on reducing carbon emissions from agricultural production. In addition, the results of causality tests testify to one−way causality from financial support for agriculture to carbon emissions from agricultural production, the bidirectional causal relationship between chemical fertilizer use and financial support for agriculture, and two−way causality between chemical fertilizer use and agricultural carbon emissions. Furthermore, the results of variance decomposition analysis represent that financial support for agriculture will significantly affect chemical fertilizer use and carbon emissions in the agricultural sector over the next decade. Finally, we provide several policy suggestions to promote low−carbon agricultural production based on the results of this study. The government should uphold the concept of sustainable agriculture, increase financial support for environmental−friendly agriculture, and encourage the research and use of cleaner agricultural production technologies and chemical fertilizer substitutes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Support for Agriculture, Chemical Fertilizer Use, and Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Production in China

Guo

Tang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Xiong et al (2021) proved that decreasing the total amount of fertilizers and increasing their efficiency are among the most important low-carbon technologies and management measures of high agricultural carbon productivity in Taihu Lake Basin, China. Koondhar et al (2021b) proved that farmers in Pakistan should reduce chemical fertilizer application and increase the use of energy from renewable sources in order to increase grain food production, while reducing carbon emission. All these findings support the results obtained in our model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What drives low-carbon agriculture? The experience of farms from the Wielkopolska region in Poland

Borychowski

Grzelak

Popławski

2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Because of global environmental problems, low-carbon agriculture has gained increasing importance both in developed and developing countries. Hence, there is a need to find ways to develop more efficient agricultural systems. The purpose of this article is to identify the drivers of low-carbon agriculture on farms in the Wielkopolska region (in Poland). We aimed to take an original approach to investigate low-carbon agriculture with a unique set of different economic and environmental variables and contribute to the literature, which is not very extensive in terms of microeconomic research, including research on farmers in the Wielkopolska region. Therefore, we employed a multiple-factor measurement model for structural equation modeling (SEM) of data collected individually from 120 farms in 2020. As a result, we formulated the following conclusions: the increasing productivity of factors (land, labor, and capital) have a positive effect on low-carbon farming, just as increasing fertilizer and energy efficiency. Moreover, thermal insulation is also important for low-carbon agriculture, with efficiency of fertilizer use being the most important factor. We believe that the issues of farm use of fertilizers and thermal insulation of buildings should be more broadly included in energy policy, both at the national and the European Union (EU) levels. Some of these factors however are already present in the common agricultural policy (CAP) for 2021–2027.

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“…However, such increase has a negative impact on the environment. Furthermore, farmers use more fertilizers to increase yields, thereby, consuming more energy to operate modern agricultural techniques for meeting food demand 52 . Meanwhile, energy and fertilizer consumption intensify agricultural carbon emissions, thereby, affecting climate and natural resources and indirectly reducing agricultural output value 53,54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Variation of Irrigation Water Requirement in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Chen

Duan

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Agricultural irrigation consumes most of the fresh water in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), directly affecting water resource management and allocation. Irrigation water demand is an important part of regional water resources management. Herein, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variation of irrigation water requirement, irrigation demand index (IDI), and proposed regional optimization of irrigation water use based on the Bayesian probability network. The results showed that: (1) The IDI in the study area increased slightly (trend slope = 0.028a− 1) as the effective precipitation increased by 63% during this period, and total irrigation water requirement (IR) decreased from 277.61 km3 in 2000 to 240 km3 in 2015 (2) The highest crop IDI was exhibited by cotton, followed by maize and wheat. (3) According to the comprehensive scenario analysis, improving the crop planting structure (by moderately increasing the planting proportion of maize in the CPEC) is conducive to improving regional water and food security by enhancing grain yield (+ 9%), reducing the malnourished population (low state + 7.2%), and bolstering water-saving irrigation technology as well as water conveyance systems in Pakistan. Our results pave the way toward sustainable water resource utilization management in the CPEC.

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Asymmetric causality among carbon emission from agriculture, energy consumption, fertilizer, and cereal food production – A nonlinear analysis for Pakistan

Cited by 65 publications

References 72 publications

Financial Support for Agriculture, Chemical Fertilizer Use, and Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Production in China

Financial Support for Agriculture, Chemical Fertilizer Use, and Carbon Emissions from Agricultural Production in China

What drives low-carbon agriculture? The experience of farms from the Wielkopolska region in Poland

Spatiotemporal Variation of Irrigation Water Requirement in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

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